Nokea
When can a donor and recipient of blood be considered compatible?
- A. If there is no change in the blood color when both samples are mixed in the laboratory
- B. If there are blood clots when both samples are mixed in the laboratory
- C. If there is no clumping or hemolysis when both samples are mixed in the laboratory
- D. If a blood drop does not sink when dropped in water after both samples are mixed in the laboratory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Compatibility between a donor and recipient of blood is determined by testing for compatibility of blood types. The most common blood typing systems are ABO and Rh. In compatibility testing, both the donor and recipient blood samples are mixed in the laboratory. If there is no clumping (agglutination) or hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells) observed when the samples are mixed, then the donor and recipient are considered compatible. Clumping or hemolysis indicates an incompatible blood transfusion, which can lead to serious complications like agglutination, blood clotting, or immune responses. Therefore, the absence of clumping or hemolysis is a key indicator of blood compatibility in transfusion medicine.
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Which of the ff points should a nurse include in the teaching plan for clients who have potential for hypovolemia?
- A. Avoid alcohol and caffeine
- B. Increase intake of milk and dairy products
- C. Increase intake of dried peas and beans
- D. Avoid table salt or food containing sodium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clients at risk for hypovolemia, which is a condition characterized by low blood volume, should be advised to avoid alcohol and caffeine. Alcohol and caffeine are known to have diuretic effects, which can further deplete the body's fluid volume and worsen the condition. By avoiding alcohol and caffeine, clients can help maintain adequate fluid levels in the body and reduce the risk of exacerbating hypovolemia. Additionally, it is important for clients at risk for hypovolemia to stay hydrated by consuming adequate amounts of water or other hydrating fluids.
A school-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute glomerulonephritis and oliguria. Which dietary menu items should be allowed for this child? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Apples
- B. Bananas
- C. Cheese
- D. Carrot sticks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Apples, bananas, and strawberries are all suitable choices for a child with acute glomerulonephritis and oliguria. These fruits are high in water content and are not typically restricted in the diet of a child with this condition. It is important to provide hydration through food sources for a child experiencing oliguria. However, foods high in sodium, potassium, and protein (such as cheese) may need to be limited or modified based on the child's condition and the doctor's recommendations. Carrot sticks, although generally a healthy choice, may have high potassium content which could be restricted based on the child's individual dietary requirements.
You are meeting parents of a 5-year-old boy; the mother is wondering about the normal sexual behavior of her child. Of the following, the sexual behavior that is considered HIGHLY unusual in this age group is
- A. touching his genitals in public
- B. showing his genitals to others
- C. undressing in public
- D. imitating intercourse or other adult sexual behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Imitating adult sexual behaviors is highly unusual and concerning in young children, suggesting possible exposure to inappropriate content or experiences.
Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate after a lumbar puncture?
- A. Have the patient lie flat for 6 to 8 hours
- B. Keep the patient from eating or drinking for 4 hours
- C. Monitor the patient's pedal pulses q4h
- D. Keep the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for 24 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After a lumbar puncture, it is important to have the patient lie flat for 6 to 8 hours to help prevent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Keeping the patient in this position can reduce the risk of developing a post-lumbar puncture headache. It allows the tiny hole created in the dura to seal properly and helps maintain proper cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This intervention is essential for the patient's safety and optimal recovery following a lumbar puncture procedure.
At what age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle?
- A. 1 month
- B. 2 months
- C. 3 months
- D. 4 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At around 2 months of age, infants typically start to show signs of recognizing familiar faces and objects, such as a feeding bottle. At this stage, their vision and cognitive abilities have developed enough for them to begin differentiating and responding to familiar stimuli in their environment. This recognition is an important developmental milestone in an infant's early cognitive and social development.