Microbiology A Systems Approach Test Bank

Microbiology A Systems Approach Test Bank Related

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When doctors of a sanitary and epidemiologic institution examine employees of public catering establishments they often reveal asymptomatic parasitosis, that is when a healthy person is a carrier of cysts that infect other people. What causative agent can parasitize in such a way?

  • A. Dysenteric amoeba
  • B. Malarial plasmodium
  • C. Enteral trichomonad
  • D. Dermatotropic leishmania
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dysenteric amoeba. This is because dysenteric amoebas can cause asymptomatic parasitosis, where a healthy person carries cysts that can infect others. Dysenteric amoebas are known to infect the intestines and can be transmitted through contaminated food or water.
Choice B, Malarial plasmodium, causes malaria transmitted through mosquitoes. Choice C, Enteral trichomonad, causes diarrhea and is transmitted through contaminated water. Choice D, Dermatotropic leishmania, causes skin lesions and is transmitted through sandfly bites. These choices do not fit the scenario of asymptomatic parasitosis in public catering establishments.

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A fecal smear from a patient with chronic diarrhea revealed cysts with four nuclei. What is the most likely causative agent?

  • A. Entamoeba histolytica
  • B. Balantidium coli
  • C. Giardia lamblia
  • D. Trichomonas hominis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Entamoeba histolytica. This protozoan parasite causes amoebic dysentery and is characterized by cysts with four nuclei in fecal smears. It is commonly associated with chronic diarrhea. Balantidium coli (B) presents with large ciliated trophozoites, not cysts. Giardia lamblia (C) has trophozoites with flagella and causes giardiasis, not cysts with four nuclei. Trichomonas hominis (D) typically has a pear-shaped trophozoite and is not associated with cysts with four nuclei.

Cholera is a serious gastrointestinal illness caused by bacteria of the genus:

  • A. Escherichia
  • B. Salmonella
  • C. Vibrio
  • D. Acinetobacter
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vibrio. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria. These bacteria produce a toxin that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Escherichia (choice A) and Salmonella (choice B) are known for causing other types of gastrointestinal infections but not cholera. Acinetobacter (choice D) typically causes respiratory infections, not gastrointestinal illnesses like cholera. Therefore, the correct choice is Vibrio as it is specifically associated with cholera.

Generalization of an intestine infection can be seen in

  • A. Salmonella typhi
  • B. Shigella flexneri
  • C. Helicobacter pylori
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever, which can lead to intestinal infections.
2. Shigella flexneri causes dysentery, primarily affecting the colon.
3. Helicobacter pylori causes stomach ulcers, not intestine infections.
Summary:
A is correct as Salmonella typhi causes intestine infection. B and C are incorrect as they cause different gastrointestinal issues. D is incorrect as A is a valid choice.

Which statement about the fungal mycelium is correct:

  • A. It consists of intertwined hyphae
  • B. Part of the mycelium goes in the medium and forms the substrate mycelium
  • C. Part of the mycelium stays above the medium and forms the aerial mycelium
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale:
- A: The mycelium is indeed made up of intertwined hyphae, which are the branching filaments of fungi.
- B: Part of the mycelium does grow into the medium to acquire nutrients, forming the substrate mycelium.
- C: Some parts of the mycelium remain above the medium to aid in reproduction and spore dispersal, forming the aerial mycelium.
Therefore, all statements (A, B, and C) are correct, making choice D the correct answer. The mycelium exhibits both intertwined hyphae, substrate mycelium, and aerial mycelium to facilitate different functions.

The following spore-forming bacteria can be preserved in soil over a long period of time: clostridia of tetanus, botulism, anaerobic gas infection. Name the way with which these microorganisms get into soil.

  • A. With feces
  • B. With urine
  • C. With water
  • D. With industrial waters
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Clostridia of tetanus, botulism, anaerobic gas infection are spore-forming bacteria.
Step 2: Spores are resistant structures that allow bacteria to survive in harsh conditions.
Step 3: Feces contain these spore-forming bacteria due to contamination.
Step 4: When feces are deposited on soil, the spores of these bacteria enter the soil.
Step 5: Spores can remain dormant in soil for long periods.
Summary: Choice A is correct as spore-forming bacteria enter soil through feces, which act as a source of contamination. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not involve the direct introduction of spores into soil like feces do.

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