Nokea
When men age, what is the effect of prostate gland enlargement?
- A. It compromises the ability to fertilize ova
- B. It compromises erectile function
- C. It compromises urination
- D. It compromises sperm production
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostate gland enlargement commonly affects urination by obstructing the urethra.
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Choose the correct sequence of events in the post-fertilization cleavage process.
- A. Zygote - morula- 2 cells- 4 cells- 8 cells- blastula
- B. 2 cells- 4 cells- 8 cells- zygote- morula- blastul
- C. Zygote- 2 cells- 4 cells- 8 cells- morula- blastul
- D. 8 cells-4 cells-2 cells-morula-zygote-blastula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct sequence is A: Zygote - morula - 2 cells - 4 cells - 8 cells - blastula. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage to form the morula, which then divides into 2 cells, then 4 cells, and further into 8 cells. These cells then rearrange to form the blastula. This sequence aligns with the natural progression of post-fertilization cleavage in embryonic development.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct chronological order of events in post-fertilization cleavage. In these sequences, the order of cell divisions is mixed up, leading to an inaccurate representation of the cleavage process. It is crucial to understand the logical progression of events in embryonic development to identify the correct sequence of post-fertilization cleavage.
Which of the following is produced by the trophoblast cells during the first 3 weeks of pregnancy?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Luteinizing hormone
- C. Oxytocin
- D. Human chorionic gonadotropin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). During the first 3 weeks of pregnancy, trophoblast cells produce hCG, which is crucial for maintaining the corpus luteum and ensuring the production of progesterone to support the early pregnancy. hCG is also the hormone detected in pregnancy tests.
Rationale:
A: Estrogen is mainly produced by the ovaries, not trophoblast cells in the early stages of pregnancy.
B: Luteinizing hormone is produced by the pituitary gland to trigger ovulation, not by trophoblast cells.
C: Oxytocin is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland during labor and breastfeeding, not by trophoblast cells in the early stages of pregnancy.
During an internal examination of a patient’s anus, the nurse notes that the patient has a hypertonic sphincter. What is the most relevant action for the nurse to take at this time?
- A. Ask the patient about anxiety or pain related to the examination.
- B. Inquire if the patient has had any neurologic injury that causes a hypertonic sphincter.
- C. Refer the patient to the physician for evaluation.
- D. Question the patient about a history of anal trauma.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Hypertonic sphincter indicates increased muscle tone.
2. Inquiring about anxiety or pain helps assess the patient's comfort level.
3. Anxiety or pain can cause increased muscle tension.
4. Addressing emotional factors can help relax the sphincter for a more comfortable examination.
Summary:
- Option B focuses on neurologic causes, not immediate patient care.
- Option C suggests referral without addressing patient comfort.
- Option D addresses past trauma, not the current situation of hypertonic sphincter.
Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Relaxin
- C. LH
- D. FSH
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Progesterone. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for implantation. Progesterone helps maintain the endometrial lining for potential pregnancy. Choice B, Relaxin, is secreted by the corpus luteum, but its main function is to soften the cervix and pubic symphysis. Choices C and D, LH and FSH respectively, are pituitary hormones involved in the menstrual cycle regulation, not directly secreted by the corpus luteum.
Examples of a ball and socket joint is
- A. Interphalangeal joint
- B. Knee joint
- C. Shoulder joint
- D. Elbow joint
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shoulder joint. A ball and socket joint allows for multi-directional movement with a wide range of motion. The shoulder joint fits this description as it consists of the ball-shaped head of the humerus bone fitting into the socket of the scapula bone. This anatomical structure allows for movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. In contrast, the interphalangeal joint (A) is a hinge joint, the knee joint (B) is a hinge joint, and the elbow joint (D) is a pivot joint, none of which have the same range of motion as a ball and socket joint.