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A client has an HSV-2 infection. The nurse recognizes that which of the following should be included in teaching the patient?
- A. The virus causes cold sores of the lips.
- B. Treatment is focused on relieving symptoms.
- C. The virus is cured with antibiotics.
- D. The virus is transmitted only when visible lesions are present.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because HSV-2 is a sexually transmitted infection that causes genital herpes. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms like antiviral medications, not curing the virus. Explanation of other choices: A is incorrect because HSV-2 causes genital sores, not cold sores on the lips. C is incorrect because antibiotics do not cure viral infections. D is incorrect because HSV-2 can be transmitted even when there are no visible lesions through asymptomatic shedding.
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Which is a constellation of physical and psychological symptoms beginning in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and followed by a symptom-free period?
- A. Endometriosis
- B. Abnormal uterine bleeding
- C. Premenstrual syndrome
- D. Depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs in the luteal phase due to hormonal changes.
2. PMS includes physical and psychological symptoms.
3. It is followed by a symptom-free period (during menstruation).
4. Endometriosis is a separate condition involving tissue growth outside the uterus.
5. Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to irregular bleeding patterns.
6. Depression is a mental health condition not specific to the menstrual cycle.
Summary:
PMS is the correct answer as it aligns with the timing, symptoms, and pattern described in the question. Endometriosis, abnormal uterine bleeding, and depression do not fully match the criteria provided.
Which statement by the client indicates further teaching is needed about uterine cancer?
- A. A Pap test is used to diagnose uterine cancer.
- B. Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the reproductive tract.
- C. I used estrogen for 2 years without progesterone. This puts me at risk for developing uterine cancer.
- D. Postmenopausal bleeding could indicate uterine cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a Pap test is used to detect cervical cancer, not uterine cancer.
1. A Pap test screens for cervical cancer by detecting abnormal cells in the cervix.
2. Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the reproductive tract, making choice B accurate.
3. Choice C is correct as using estrogen without progesterone can increase uterine cancer risk.
4. Choice D is also accurate as postmenopausal bleeding can be a symptom of uterine cancer.
In summary, the need for further teaching arises from the misconception that a Pap test can diagnose uterine cancer.
Intrapartum nursing care for a woman who has sickle cell disease focuses on:
- A. Maintaining oxygenation and preventing dehydration
- B. Controlling pain and avoiding unnecessary movement
- C. Preventing excess exertion and limiting visitors
- D. Increasing calorie intake and avoiding internal monitoring
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because maintaining oxygenation is crucial due to the risk of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Dehydration can worsen sickling of red blood cells. Choice B is incorrect because pain control is important but not the primary focus. Choice C is incorrect as excess exertion can trigger a crisis, and limiting visitors is not a priority. Choice D is incorrect as calorie intake and internal monitoring are not directly related to intrapartum care for sickle cell disease.
A 20-year-old college student expresses concern over the recent appearance of genital warts, an assessment finding her primary care provider confirms as attributable to HPV infection. Which client education should be included?
- A. It's important to start treatment as soon as possible, so you will receive a prescription for pills today.
- B. There is a chance that the genital warts will clear up on their own without any treatment.
- C. I recommend receiving an HPV vaccination today.
- D. Unfortunately, this is going to greatly increase your chance of developing pelvic inflammatory disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: There is a chance that the genital warts will clear up on their own without any treatment.
Rationale:
1. Genital warts caused by HPV can sometimes resolve spontaneously without treatment.
2. This option emphasizes the possibility of self-resolution, which is a common occurrence.
3. Encouraging observation without immediate treatment aligns with current guidelines for managing HPV-related genital warts.
4. Avoiding unnecessary treatment helps prevent potential side effects and reduces healthcare costs.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Incorrect because immediate treatment is not always necessary for genital warts caused by HPV.
C: Incorrect because HPV vaccination does not treat existing HPV infections, including genital warts.
D: Incorrect because developing pelvic inflammatory disease is not directly related to the presence of genital warts caused by HPV.
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a woman who is undergoing a total mastectomy. Which will this teaching include? Select all that apply.
- A. Explain that she will have an IV, a drain, and a dressing in place on awakening. Tell her about expectations she may have regarding physical appearance, pain management, equipment that will be used (IVs, drains, etc.).
- B. Explain that she will be provided pain management as needed; monitor and review the pain scale to be used to identify level of intensity.
- C. Have her elevate the affected arm with pillows.
- D. Turn the woman every 4 hours, alternating between the unaffected side and affected side. To prevent pneumonia and complications, have her cough and take deep breaths every 2 hours, while nurse applies support to the chest.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Answer C (Correct Answer):
1. Elevating the affected arm with pillows post-mastectomy helps reduce swelling and promote lymphatic drainage, aiding in preventing lymphedema.
2. By elevating the arm, it reduces strain on the surgical site and surrounding tissues, promoting comfort and aiding in the healing process.
3. This positioning also helps in preventing postoperative complications such as shoulder stiffness and contractures.
Summary of Why Other Choices are Incorrect:
- Choice A: While important aspects of preoperative teaching, it does not specifically address the need to elevate the affected arm post-mastectomy.
- Choice B: Pain management is crucial, but it does not directly relate to the need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.
- Choice D: Turning every 4 hours and coughing exercises are important for preventing complications but do not address the specific need for arm elevation post-mastectomy.