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During a patient consultation, the nurse notices the patient seems anxious and is avoiding eye contact. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
- A. Continue with the consultation without addressing the patient's behavior.
- B. Ask the patient if they are feeling anxious and if they would like to talk about it.
- C. Ignore the patient's behavior and focus solely on the medical information.
- D. Tell the patient to relax and stop being anxious.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action for the nurse to take when noticing that the patient seems anxious and is avoiding eye contact is to ask the patient if they are feeling anxious and if they would like to talk about it. This approach shows empathy, concern, and openness to addressing the patient's emotional state. By directly acknowledging the patient's behavior and giving them the opportunity to express their feelings, the nurse can create a supportive and caring environment that promotes effective communication and trust between the patient and healthcare provider. It is important to consider the patient's emotional well-being alongside their physical health during consultations.
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A woman in active labor is experiencing persistent occiput posterior position despite position changes. What nursing intervention is most appropriate to facilitate fetal rotation?
- A. Encourage the mother to remain in a side-lying position.
- B. Assist the mother into a hands-and-knees position.
- C. Administer intravenous oxytocin to augment contractions.
- D. Perform manual rotation of the fetus during vaginal examination.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention to facilitate fetal rotation in a woman experiencing persistent occiput posterior position is to assist the mother into a hands-and-knees position. This position can help encourage the baby to rotate into the optimal occiput anterior position for delivery. By being on her hands and knees, gravity can assist in aiding the rotation of the baby. This position can also help relieve pressure on the mother's back and potentially reduce discomfort during labor. Additionally, hands-and-knees position can help open up the pelvis and create more space for the baby to turn. It is a non-invasive and generally well-tolerated intervention to promote fetal rotation in labor.
Past medical history section of Krini contains. the following, but NOT______
- A. Prenatal history
- B. Current history
- C. Child hood illness
- D. Birth history
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The past medical history section typically includes information about a person's medical background before the current point in time. This would involve details such as prenatal history, birth history, childhood illnesses, surgeries, and medical conditions that have occurred in the past. "Current history" would be more appropriate for the present medical status and ongoing health issues, hence it does not belong in the past medical history section.
A patient presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. Slit-lamp examination reveals branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex keratitis
- B. Bacterial keratitis
- C. Fungal keratitis
- D. Acanthamoeba keratitis Dental, Alimentary, and Biliary
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis typically presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. The filamentous opacities seen on slit-lamp examination are characteristic of fungal hyphae extending from the corneal lesion. This condition is often associated with risk factors such as trauma with vegetable matter, contact lens wear, or topical corticosteroid use. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antifungal medications are essential to prevent complications and preserve vision.
Which of the following is NOT included among the factors that should be considered by the nurse or the pregnant woman in interpreting results of pregnancy test?
- A. Last menstrual period
- B. Type of pregnancy test
- C. Previous pregnancy
- D. Menstrual cycle length
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The type of pregnancy test is not a factor that should be considered by the nurse or the pregnant woman in interpreting the results of a pregnancy test. Factors such as the last menstrual period, previous pregnancy history, and menstrual cycle length play a crucial role in determining the reliability and accuracy of the pregnancy test results.
A patient is prescribed a beta-blocker for the management of hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-blockers are a class of medications commonly used to manage hypertension. One of the main mechanisms of action of beta-blockers is to reduce heart rate and contractility by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. As a result, one of the potential adverse effects of beta-blockers is bradycardia, which refers to a slower than normal heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of bradycardia when starting or adjusting the dose of a beta-blocker. Symptoms of bradycardia may include dizziness, fainting, fatigue, or shortness of breath. If bradycardia is severe or symptomatic, it may require dose adjustments or discontinuation of the beta-blocker to prevent complications.