Nokea
When the nurse administers a cholinergic agonist to the patient the nurse's expectation is what system will be stimulated.
- A. Central nervous system.
- B. Parasympathetic nervous system.
- C. Sympathetic nervous system.
- D. Voluntary nervous system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parasympathetic nervous system. Cholinergic agonists stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system by mimicking the action of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. This leads to increased activity in organs innervated by the parasympathetic system, such as slowing heart rate and increasing gastrointestinal motility.
A: Central nervous system - Cholinergic agonists primarily act on the peripheral nervous system, not the central nervous system.
C: Sympathetic nervous system - Cholinergic agonists do not stimulate the sympathetic nervous system; they have opposite effects.
D: Voluntary nervous system - Cholinergic agonists do not directly affect the voluntary nervous system, which controls skeletal muscles.
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What is the responsibility of the nurse related to the patient's drug therapy? Select all that apply.
- A. Teaching the patient how to cope with therapy to ensure the best outcome.
- B. Altering the drug regime to optimize the outcome.
- C. Evaluating the effectiveness of therapy.
- D. Providing therapy as well as medications.
- E. Recommending over-the-counter medications to treat adverse effects of prescription drug therapy.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The correct answers are A and C. A nurse's responsibility related to a patient's drug therapy includes teaching the patient how to cope with therapy for optimal outcomes (A) and evaluating the effectiveness of the therapy (C). Teaching the patient ensures they understand how to take medications correctly and manage any side effects. Evaluating effectiveness allows for adjustments in the treatment plan if needed. Choices B, D, and E are incorrect. B - altering the drug regime should be done by the prescribing healthcare provider, not the nurse. D - providing therapy is beyond the scope of a nurse's responsibilities, as they focus on administering medications and supporting the patient. E - recommending over-the-counter medications falls under the purview of a pharmacist or physician, not a nurse.
The nurse is taking a health history on a 38-year-old man who is taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) for high cholesterol. What will the nurse query specifically related to the safety of this drug?
- A. Nicotine.
- B. Caffeine.
- C. Herbal therapy.
- D. Alcohol.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol. Atorvastatin is metabolized by the liver, as is alcohol. Consuming alcohol while taking atorvastatin can increase the risk of liver damage. The nurse should query about the man's alcohol consumption to assess potential interactions. Choices A, B, and C do not have significant interactions with atorvastatin. Alcohol poses the most significant risk due to its impact on liver function when combined with atorvastatin.
A nurse is providing patient teaching to a patient who has been experiencing unstable angina. What will the nurse's explanation of this condition include?
- A. A coronary vessel has become completely occluded and is unable to deliver blood to the heart.
- B. The pain is caused by a spasm of a blood vessel not just by the vessel narrowing.
- C. Your body response to a lack of oxygen in the heart muscle is pain.
- D. There is a serious narrowing of a coronary artery that is causing a reduction in oxygen to the heart.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: The correct answers are B and D. For choice B, in unstable angina, the pain is often caused by a spasm of a blood vessel in addition to vessel narrowing, leading to reduced blood flow. This explanation is important for the patient to understand the multifactorial nature of their condition. For choice D, unstable angina is typically due to a serious narrowing of a coronary artery, resulting in reduced oxygen supply to the heart. This explanation helps the patient comprehend the underlying cause of their symptoms. Choices A and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe unstable angina. Choice A suggests complete vessel occlusion, which is more characteristic of a heart attack. Choice C simplifies the cause of the pain to just a lack of oxygen, omitting the role of vessel narrowing and spasm.
You are caring for a patient who takes an antiarrhythmic agent. What would be the priority nursing assessment before administering this drug?
- A. Assess pulses and blood pressure.
- B. Assess breath sounds.
- C. Assess mental status.
- D. Assess urine output.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess pulses and blood pressure. Before administering an antiarrhythmic agent, it is essential to assess the patient's pulses and blood pressure because these medications can affect cardiac function, potentially causing bradycardia or hypotension. Monitoring these vital signs helps to ensure the patient's safety and allows for early detection of any adverse effects. Assessing breath sounds (B), mental status (C), and urine output (D) are important assessments but not the priority before administering an antiarrhythmic agent, as they are not directly related to the medication's potential immediate effects on cardiac function.
The nurse evaluates the effects of warfarin by monitoring what lab test?
- A. Platelet count.
- B. Activated thromboplastin time (APT).
- C. Red blood count (RBC).
- D. Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Monitoring PT and INR levels helps assess the effectiveness and safety of warfarin therapy. PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot, while INR standardizes PT results. Platelet count (A) assesses clot formation ability, not warfarin effects. APT (B) primarily evaluates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. RBC count (C) measures oxygen-carrying capacity, unrelated to warfarin effects.