Nokea
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
- A. Esophagus.
- B. Small intestine.
- C. Stomach.
- D. Oral cavity.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
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Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?
- A. Flat bones
- B. Long bones
- C. Short bones
- D. Irregular bones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intramembranous ossification is the process by which flat bones, such as the skull bones and the clavicles, are formed. During this process, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate directly into bone-forming cells, leading to the formation of flat bones. Long bones, short bones, and irregular bones are formed through endochondral ossification, a different process where the bone is first formed as a cartilage model before being replaced by bone tissue.
Which organ is part of the male reproductive system and urinary system?
- A. Epidermis
- B. Ureter
- C. Testis
- D. Urethra
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urethra. The urethra is a part of both the male reproductive system, as it serves as the duct for semen during ejaculation, and the urinary system, as it allows the passage of urine from the bladder to outside the body. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, the ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the testis is a male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm.
Which glands of the skin produce a thin, watery secretion?
- A. Sebaceous glands
- B. Eccrine glands
- C. Apocrine glands
- D. Endocrine glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eccrine glands are the correct answer. These glands produce a thin, watery secretion known as sweat. The primary function of eccrine glands is to regulate body temperature by releasing sweat that evaporates and cools the body. Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance, apocrine glands release a thicker secretion, and endocrine glands are responsible for hormone secretion.
What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?
- A. Hormones
- B. Neurons
- C. Glands
- D. Second messengers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, exerting control over processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Neurons are nerve cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses. Glands are structures that secrete substances like hormones. Second messengers are molecules involved in intracellular signal transduction pathways, amplifying and transmitting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
Which hormones regulate testicular activity?
- A. FSH
- B. LH
- C. GH
- D. Both FSH and LH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Testicular activity is regulated by both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH stimulates sperm cell production in the testes, while LH stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells in the testes. Therefore, both FSH and LH are essential in controlling testicular activity.