Nokea
Where is the majority of progesterone produced?
- A. Graafian follicle
- B. corpus luteum
- C. secondary follicle
- D. adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: corpus luteum. Progesterone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum, which forms from the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. The Graafian follicle (choice A) is a mature ovarian follicle that contains the egg, but it does not produce progesterone. The secondary follicle (choice C) is an immature ovarian follicle and does not produce progesterone. The adrenal cortex (choice D) is responsible for producing other hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, not progesterone.
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A client is learning how to maintain optimum bladder function. Which of the following strategies identifies the method of pressing on the bladder while seated on the toilet?
- A. Valsalva maneuver
- B. Kegel maneuver
- C. Pelvic floor maneuver
- D. Crede's maneuver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Crede's maneuver involves applying manual pressure to the bladder to aid in voiding.
Reversal of sterilization procedures in males is done by which of the following procedures?
- A. Orchiopexy
- B. Vasectomy
- C. Vasovasostomy
- D. Bilateral orchiectomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasovasostomy. This procedure involves reconnecting the vas deferens to reverse a vasectomy, allowing sperm to be present in the ejaculate again. Orchiopexy (A) is the surgical fixation of a testicle in the scrotum and is not related to reversing sterilization. Vasectomy (B) is the sterilization procedure itself, not the reversal. Bilateral orchiectomy (D) is the surgical removal of both testicles and is a permanent sterilization method, not a reversal procedure. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it directly addresses the reversal of male sterilization.
How many chromosomes are present in a sperm?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 12
- D. 23
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 23. Sperm cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes as normal body cells. In humans, normal body cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), while sperm cells have only 23 chromosomes. This is essential for maintaining the correct chromosome number after fertilization.
A: 1 - Incorrect. Sperm cells cannot have only 1 chromosome as they need to contribute genetic material during fertilization.
B: 2 - Incorrect. Having only 2 chromosomes would not provide sufficient genetic diversity for offspring.
C: 12 - Incorrect. This number does not align with the haploid nature of sperm cells in humans with 23 chromosomes.
Primary spermatogonium undergo:
- A. two mitotic divisions to become a secondary spermatocyte
- B. mitosis and then meiosis to become a secondary spermatocyte
- C. two meiotic divisions to become a secondary spermatocyte
- D. meiosis and differentiation to become a secondary spermatocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Primary spermatogonium undergo mitosis to replicate and maintain the diploid chromosome number, then meiosis to reduce the chromosome number, resulting in secondary spermatocytes. Choice A is incorrect as it skips meiosis. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests two meiotic divisions from primary spermatogonium, which is not accurate. Choice D is incorrect because it fails to mention the initial step of mitosis before meiosis in the process.
Which of these is not a function of testosterone?
- A. loss of body hair
- B. thickening of the larynx
- C. anabolism of skeletal muscle
- D. thickening of bones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, loss of body hair. Testosterone is responsible for thickening of the larynx, anabolism of skeletal muscle, and thickening of bones. It promotes growth and development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased body hair. Therefore, loss of body hair is not a function of testosterone. Choice B, thickening of the larynx, is correct because testosterone contributes to the deepening of the voice by thickening the vocal cords. Choice C, anabolism of skeletal muscle, is correct as testosterone enhances protein synthesis in muscles, leading to muscle growth. Choice D, thickening of bones, is correct because testosterone promotes bone growth and mineralization.