Nokea
Where would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
- A. Thoracic cavity
- B. Mediastinum
- C. Abdominal cavity
- D. Pelvic cavity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity is the region of the body that houses these structures, providing protection and support for their functions. The thoracic cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs, the mediastinum is the area between the lungs that contains the heart, major blood vessels, and other structures, while the abdominal cavity houses organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines.
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What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
- A. Diaphragm
- B. Mediastinum
- C. Liver
- D. Lungs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in respiration by separating the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity, which houses organs such as the liver, stomach, and intestines. The mediastinum is a central compartment in the thoracic cavity that houses the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus. The liver and lungs are organs within their respective cavities but do not directly separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Which type of cell division occurs in the gonads?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Binary fission
- D. Asexual division
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meiosis is the type of cell division that occurs in the gonads. During meiosis, cells undergo two rounds of division resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. This process is vital for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.
What organelle contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?
- A. ER
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Vacuole
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes play a crucial role in phagocytosis within white blood cells. Lysosomes contain enzymes that aid in the digestion of foreign particles and cellular debris, making them essential for the process of phagocytosis. The other organelles listed, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vacuole, and Golgi apparatus, do not directly contribute to phagocytosis within white blood cells.
What is the most abundant type of cell in the epidermis?
- A. Osteocytes.
- B. Chondroblasts.
- C. Keratinocytes.
- D. Melanocytes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Where are all the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein routed for processing?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Pancreas
- C. Spleen
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein are routed to the liver for processing. The liver is responsible for detoxifying and metabolizing substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before they enter the systemic circulation. It filters and processes nutrients, drugs, and toxins, ensuring that only safe and usable substances are distributed throughout the body.