Nokea
Which advice will the nurse provide for a 94-year-old patient with deteriorated cell-mediated immunity?
- A. Avoiding the influenza vaccine
- B. Getting pneumonia vaccine
- C. Having skin tests for all antigens
- D. Taking large doses of β-carotene
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As the older adult loses some of the cell-mediated immunity, especially against pneumonia and influenza, it is recommended that they acquire the immunization.
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The nurse outlines for a patient who has asthma attacks from pollen that the process from exposure to symptoms follows a systematic sequence. Which change is the last physiologic responses of an allergic asthma attack?
- A. Release of histamine
- B. Edema
- C. Vasodilation
- D. Activation of mast cells
- E. Bronchospasm
- F. Exposure to pollen
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The mast cells in the lungs are activated by the exposure to pollen. Histamine is released causing vasodilation, edema, and bronchospasm for the asthmatic.
Which action will the nurse take when a patient is receiving increasing strength of the dose in the injections for immunotherapy?
- A. Observe the patient for at least 20 minutes after administration.
- B. Take the vital signs every 10 minutes for an hour.
- C. Have the patient lie down quietly for an hour.
- D. Place a warm compress on the area to speed its absorption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient should be observed for 20 minutes after the increased dose of the allergen. If anaphylaxis is going to occur, it will do so within that time frame.
A patient who works in a plant nursery and has experienced an allergic reaction to a bee sting is stabilized and prepared for discharge from the clinic. During discussion of prevention and management of further allergic reactions, the nurse identifies a need for additional teaching based on which comment?
- A. I need to think about a change in my occupation.'
- B. I will learn to administer epinephrine so that I will be prepared if I am stung again.'
- C. I should wear a Medic-Alert bracelet indicating my allergy to insect stings.'
- D. I will need to take maintenance doses of corticosteroids to prevent reactions to further stings.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse?s responsibilities in patient education are as follows: Teach the patient preparation and administration of epinephrine subcutaneously. There is no need for the patient to take maintenance doses of corticosteroids because this was a short, rapid reaction.
To provide an example of an active acquired immunity, the nurse uses the example of a person who has acquired immunity from measles because that person has had which occurrence in their lifetime?
- A. chickenpox and mumps.
- B. measles.
- C. an extremely healthy immune system.
- D. an inoculation against measles.
- E. maternal antibodies against measles.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Active or acquired or adaptive immunity occurs from having had disease or having had an immunization against that specific disease.
The process of immunity through a controlled exposure to an attenuated organism to stimulate the production of antibodies is ___
Correct Answer: immunization
Rationale: The process of immunity through a controlled exposure to an attenuated organism to stimulate the production of antibodies is immunization.