Pediatric Research Questions

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Which assessment action will help the nurse determine if the patient with Bell's Palsy is receiving adequate nutrition?

  • A. Monitor meal trays
  • B. Check twice-weekly weights
  • C. Measure intake and output
  • D. Assess swallowing reflex
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: By assessing the patient's swallowing reflex, the nurse can determine if the patient is able to swallow food and liquids properly, which is crucial for adequate nutrition intake. Bell's Palsy can affect facial muscles, including those involved in chewing and swallowing. A impaired swallowing reflex can lead to difficulties in eating and drinking, which in turn may affect the patient's nutrition status. Monitoring meal trays (A) may not provide direct information about the patient's ability to swallow, as a patient may not be able to communicate swallowing difficulties. Checking twice-weekly weights (B) may indicate weight changes, but it may not necessarily give insight into nutrition adequacy related to swallowing ability. Measuring intake and output (C) may help track calorie intake and fluid balance, but it may not specifically address swallowing issues that can impact nutrition in a patient with Bell's Palsy. Assessing the swallowing reflex (D) directly addresses the patient's ability to consume food and

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Nurse Nancy is assessing a child with pyloric stenosis; she is likely to note which of the following?

  • A. "Currant jelly" stools
  • B. Regurgitation
  • C. Steatorrhea
  • D. Projectile vomiting
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is a condition in infants where there is a tightening of the muscle at the outlet of the stomach, causing obstruction of food passage into the small intestine. One of the hallmark symptoms of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, in which the vomit is forceful and shoots out a significant distance. This distinguishes it from regular regurgitation or spitting up, which are more common in infants for other reasons. Nurse Nancy would likely note this symptom while assessing a child with pyloric stenosis.

A 5-year old boy presents with afebrile generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting for 5 minutes. Previously he was healthy and had no such problem. On examination there is no abnormality. Your plan of management should be:

  • A. Start anticonvulsant therapy
  • B. Request for an EEG and wait for its report
  • C. Request for an EEG and start anticonvulsant therapy immediately
  • D. Request for EEG and MRI brain
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a first-time generalized seizure, an immediate EEG and starting anticonvulsant therapy is prudent to prevent recurrence, especially if the EEG shows epileptiform activity.

The nurse is interviewing the mother of an infant. She reports, "I had a difficult delivery, and my baby was born preterm." This information should be recorded under which of the following headings?

  • A. Past history
  • B. Present illness
  • C. Chief complaint
  • D. Review of systems
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The information given by the mother about having a difficult delivery and her baby being born preterm is considered part of the past medical history. Past medical history includes previous medical conditions, surgeries, hospitalizations, and significant events related to the patient's health before the current encounter. This information helps healthcare providers understand the patient's background and any potential risks or complications relevant to their current health condition.

Which of the ff. descriptions by the nurse would best explain glaucoma to a patient?

  • A. "There is an increase in the amount of vitreous humor."
  • B. "There is an increase in the intraocular pressure."
  • C. "There is a decrease in the amount of aqueous humor."
  • D. "There is a decrease in the intraocular pressure."
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, usually due to high intraocular pressure (IOP). In glaucoma, there is an imbalance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor in the eye, leading to increased pressure inside the eye. This elevated pressure can cause damage to the optic nerve, which is essential for vision, resulting in vision loss. Therefore, the best description by the nurse to explain glaucoma to a patient would be that there is an increase in intraocular pressure (Choice B).

When the LPN is assisting the patient to use an incentive spirometer, which of the following actions by the patient indicates that the patient needs further teaching on how to use the spirometer?

  • A. Taking two normal breaths before use.
  • B. Sitting upright before use.
  • C. Inhaling deeply to reach target.
  • D. Exhaling deeply to reach target.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When using an incentive spirometer, the patient should inhale deeply to reach the target volume indicated by the marker. Exhaling deeply does not achieve the objective of the incentive spirometer, which is to encourage deep inhalation. If the patient exhales deeply to reach the target, further teaching and clarification about the proper technique of using the spirometer are needed. The correct technique involves inhaling deeply to expand the lungs and help improve lung function.

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