Nokea
Which characteristic is common in malignant tumors?
- A. Usually contained within a capsule.
- B. Divide and multiply in the same manner as normal cells.
- C. Proliferate and respond to treatment.
- D. Progress and destroy surrounding tissues while spreading to distant parts of the body.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malignant tumors destroy surrounding tissues and may spread to distant parts of the body causing a secondary tumor to grow in that area. Malignant cells divide and multiply but not in the same manner as normal parent cells and are rarely contained within a capsule.
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There is a risk of nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Which sets of drugs used for cancer treatment represent a high risk in this regard?
- A. Butyrophenones, phenothiazines, metoclopramide
- B. Methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin
- C. Carmustine, Cisplatin, Dacarbazine
- D. It does not matter. Chemotherapy provided to all patients will definitely trigger chemotherapy induced nausea/vomiting (CINV).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carmustine Cisplatin and Dacarbazine nearly always cause nausea and vomiting. Butyrophenones, phenothiazines, and metoclopramide are dopamine receptor antagonists (antiemetics) used to prevent and treat CINV. Methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and doxorubicin are chemotherapeutic drugs most frequently associated with the development of stomatis.
Which person will the nurse instruct to avoid visiting a patient being treated with internal radiation therapy?
- A. A 78 year old using a walker
- B. An 18-year-old woman
- C. A woman pregnant in the third trimester
- D. A 24-year-old nursing mother
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Persons under the age of 18 and persons who are pregnant should not be allowed to visit a patient with internal radiation.
A patient undergoing chemotherapy to treat breast cancer has an abscess near the rectal area. Which laboratory result is likely associated with this finding?
- A. White blood cells 2400/mm3
- B. Red blood cells 5.2 million/mm3
- C. Platelet count 165,000/mm3
- D. Hematocrit 47%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A total white blood cell count of less than 4000/mm3 is low and is considered to be leukopenic. This places the patient at risk for a life-threatening infection. The other laboratory values are within normal limits.
A patient receiving external radiation treatments should be given which recommendation to protect the patient?s skin?
- A. Applying warm compresses to damaged skin
- B. Encouraging patient to apply fragrant lotion to skin
- C. Patting the skin dry after the bath
- D. Exposing skin to sun for 10 minutes a day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patting the skin dry rather than rubbing is less damaging to the skin. Lotions, sun exposure, and applications of heat or cold are not beneficial.
Which advice will the nurse provide to the patient who found a lump in her breast a week ago during breast self-examination?
- A. Arrange for an examination by her health care provider.
- B. Wait until her next ovulatory cycle and check the lump again.
- C. Postpone appointment until the lump enlarges.
- D. Apply warm, moist compresses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses should teach to all patients, both men and women, that any identifiable problem should be brought to the attention of a health care provider.