Nokea
Which delivery system would be used to deliver regional chemotherapy for metastasis from a primary colorectal cancer?
- A. Intrathecal
- B. Intraarterial
- C. Intravenous
- D. Intraperitoneal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intraarterial chemotherapy delivers drugs directly to the arterial supply of the tumor, useful for metastatic colorectal cancer.
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What does the mechanism of chemotaxis accomplish?
- A. Causes the transformation of monocytes into macrophages
- B. Involves a pathway of chemical processes resulting in cellular lysis
- C. Attracts the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes to an area of injury
- D. Slows the blood flow in a damaged area, allowing migration of leukocytes into tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotaxis is the process by which immune cells such as neutrophils and monocytes are attracted to the site of injury or infection through chemical signals. These signals guide the cells to areas where they are needed most.
Which immunoglobulins will initially protect a newborn baby of a breastfeeding mother (select all that apply)?
- A. IgA
- B. IgD
- C. IgE
- D. IgG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IgA is transferred through breast milk and provides mucosal immunity, while IgG crosses the placenta during pregnancy to provide systemic protection.
One principal function of complement is to
- A. inactivate performs
- B. mediate the release of histamine
- C. Bind antibodies attached to cell surfaces and to lyse these cells
- D. phagocytize antigens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because complement proteins bind antibodies attached to cell surfaces and cause cell lysis, enhancing immune response. Choice A is incorrect as complement does not inactivate performs. Choice B is incorrect as complement does not mediate the release of histamine. Choice D is incorrect as phagocytosis is a function of phagocytes, not complement proteins. Therefore, the correct function of complement is to enhance immune response by binding antibodies and causing cell lysis.
Which antibody dominates the primary immune response?
- A. IgG
- B. IgA
- C. IgM
- D. IgE
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgM. During the primary immune response, IgM is the first antibody produced by the immune system in response to an antigen. IgM is efficient in agglutination and complement fixation, aiding in the elimination of pathogens. IgG is more prominent in the secondary immune response. IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas. IgE is associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections, not the primary immune response. So, IgM dominates the primary immune response by being the initial antibody produced to combat antigens.
Which molecule is essential for antigen presentation to T cells?
- A. Antibody
- B. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
- C. Complement protein C3
- D. Cytokines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). MHC molecules present antigens to T cells for immune response activation. They bind to antigenic peptides and present them on the cell surface for recognition by T cells. This is crucial for the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self antigens. Antibodies (A) are produced by B cells and do not directly present antigens to T cells. Complement protein C3 (C) is involved in the complement system for immune defense, not antigen presentation. Cytokines (D) are signaling molecules that regulate immune responses but do not directly present antigens to T cells.