Nokea
Which drug for epilepsy inhibits both vitamin D and folate metabolism?
- A. valproate
- B. carbamazepine
- C. gabapentin
- D. phenytoin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that can interfere with the metabolism of vitamin D and folate, leading to potential deficiencies. Patients on phenytoin often require supplementation to prevent complications like osteoporosis or anemia.
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The following methods can be used to test solely the rod ERG:
- A. a rapidly flickering light
- B. red light stimulus
- C. low-density blue light in dark adapted eye
- D. focal ERG
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low-density blue light in a dark-adapted eye selectively stimulates rods, isolating the rod ERG. Flickering light and red light stimulate cones, and focal ERG is not specific to rods.
In assisting Mrs. Aster to use her crutches during periods of severe hip joint pain, which gait will be the safest and most helpful to her?
- A. Two-point
- B. Three-point
- C. Four-point
- D. Swing-through
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The three-point gait provides stability and reduces strain on the hip joint.
Where would you see the nodes of Ranvier?
- A. on an axon
- B. in the cell body
- C. on a dendrite
- D. a and c
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon of a neuron. They play a critical role in the rapid conduction of electrical signals, as the action potential 'jumps' from one node to the next in a process called saltatory conduction. This increases the speed and efficiency of neural communication. Nodes of Ranvier are essential for proper nerve function and are found exclusively on axons.
The nurse is preparing material about the neurological system as part of a major presentation. What should the nurse include that explains the purpose of white matter?
- A. Carries either sensory or motor impulses
- B. Location of white blood cells within the brain
- C. Protects the spinal nerves from potential injury
- D. Regulates movement and responses to external stimuli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated nerve tracts that carry sensory or motor impulses within the central nervous system. It does not contain white blood cells, protect spinal nerves, or regulate movement directly. Understanding the function of white matter is crucial for explaining how information is transmitted in the nervous system.
A 72-year-old man tells the nurse that he cannot perform most of the physical activities he could do 5 years ago because of overall joint aches and pains. What can the nurse do to assist the patient to prevent further deconditioning and decrease the risk for developing musculoskeletal problems?
- A. Limit weight-bearing exercise to prevent stress on fragile bones and possible hip fractures
- B. Advise the patient to avoid the use of canes and walkers because they increase dependence on ambulation aids
- C. Advise the patient to increase his activity by more frequently climbing stairs in buildings and other environments with steps
- D. Discuss use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications to decrease inflammation and pain so that exercise can be maintained
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC medications can help reduce pain and inflammation, allowing the patient to maintain an active lifestyle.