Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Quizlet

Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Quizlet Related

Review Health Assessment Neurological System NCLEX Questions Quizlet related questions and content

Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through the autonomic and endocrine systems?

  • A. hypothalamus
  • B. thalamus
  • C. amygdala
  • D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the master control center for homeostasis as it regulates various bodily functions through the autonomic and endocrine systems. It plays a crucial role in maintaining body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone regulation. The thalamus (B) is responsible for sensory relay, the amygdala (C) is involved in emotion processing, and the cerebral cortex (D) is responsible for higher cognitive functions. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the correct choice for controlling homeostasis in the body.

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Which statements describe neurosyphilis (select one that doesn't apply)?

  • A. Occurs 10 to 20 years after bacterial infection
  • B. Infection can affect any part of the nervous system
  • C. Descending paralysis with cranial nerve involvement
  • D. Degenerative changes in the spinal cord and brainstem
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neurosyphilis typically presents with degenerative changes in the CNS and can affect various parts of the nervous system.

The nurse is preparing material about the neurological system as part of a major presentation. What should the nurse include that explains the purpose of white matter?

  • A. Carries either sensory or motor impulses
  • B. Location of white blood cells within the brain
  • C. Protects the spinal nerves from potential injury
  • D. Regulates movement and responses to external stimuli
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated nerve tracts that carry sensory or motor impulses within the central nervous system. It does not contain white blood cells, protect spinal nerves, or regulate movement directly. Understanding the function of white matter is crucial for explaining how information is transmitted in the nervous system.

Which assessment finding suggests an issue with cranial nerve XI (Accessory nerve)?

  • A. Weakness or atrophy of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
  • B. Normal shoulder shrug and head turn strength.
  • C. Equal and symmetrical shoulder movement.
  • D. Clear and normal speech.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cranial nerve XI (Accessory nerve) controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Weakness or atrophy in these muscles indicates dysfunction. Normal strength, symmetrical movement, and clear speech are normal findings.

What are the two major physical changes in the brain that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

  • A. aluminum deposition and edema
  • B. amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
  • C. amyloid plaques and hypertrophy
  • D. calcification and hypertrophy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques (abnormal protein deposits) and neurofibrillary tangles (twisted fibers of tau protein) in the brain. These changes disrupt neuronal communication and lead to cognitive decline.

The 4th cranial nerve supplies

  • A. Lateral rectus
  • B. Inferior oblique
  • C. Orbicularis oris
  • D. Superior oblique
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The trochlear nerve (IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses and abducts the eye. It is the only cranial nerve that exits dorsally from the brainstem.

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