Nokea
Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates?
- A. lipase
- B. amylase
- C. pepsin
- D. trypsin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: amylase. Amylase is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into smaller sugar molecules in the digestive system. It is produced in the saliva and pancreas. Lipase (A) digests fats, pepsin (C) digests proteins, and trypsin (D) also digests proteins, not carbohydrates. Therefore, amylase is the correct enzyme for carbohydrate digestion.
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The lipids that can be absorbed across the epithelial wall of the small intestine are hydrophobic and would have a difficult time in the watery lumen to come in contact with the epithelial membrane. These lipids are able to move easily in the watery lumen because of interaction with
- A. bile salts.
- B. lipase.
- C. micelles.
- D. chylomicrons.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: micelles. Micelles are formed when bile salts interact with hydrophobic lipids, such as triglycerides, in the watery lumen of the small intestine. This interaction allows the lipids to be emulsified and solubilized in the watery environment, making it easier for them to come in contact with the epithelial membrane for absorption. Lipase (B) is an enzyme that breaks down lipids but does not aid in the movement of lipids in the watery lumen. Bile salts (A) help emulsify lipids but do not facilitate the movement of lipids in the watery lumen. Chylomicrons (D) are large lipoprotein particles formed after absorption of lipids into enterocytes, not involved in the initial movement of lipids in the watery lumen.
Which area has the greatest amount of enzyme activity?
- A. duodenum
- B. colon
- C. jejunum
- D. ileum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The duodenum has the greatest amount of enzyme activity among the choices given. This is because the duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where most digestion occurs. It receives bile from the liver and pancreatic enzymes, which aid in breaking down food molecules. The colon, jejunum, and ileum are parts of the small intestine but have less enzyme activity compared to the duodenum. The colon mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, while the jejunum and ileum are involved in nutrient absorption rather than enzyme activity. Therefore, the duodenum is the correct choice based on its role in digestion and enzyme secretion.
Which of the following measures will ensure tube patency and decrease the risk of bacterial infection as well as crusting or blockage of the tube?
- A. Administering 10 to 40 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
- B. Administering 15 to 30 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
- C. Administering 30 to 40 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
- D. Administering 5 to 10 ml of water before and after medications and feedings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flushing the tube with 15 to 30 ml of water before and after feedings helps maintain patency and reduces the risk of blockages.
A nurse is giving discharge instructions to a client with pancreatitis. Which of the following instructions is correct?
- A. Eat two meals a day.
- B. If alcohol abuse is known, limit alcohol to one drink per day.
- C. Follow written instructions for a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet.
- D. Follow the written instructions for a bland, low-fat calorie-controlled diet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A bland, low-fat diet reduces pancreatic stimulation and minimizes symptom exacerbation.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain. What may be a possible source of the pain?
- A. Liver
- B. Pancreas
- C. Appendix
- D. Gallbladder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreas is located in the left upper quadrant and inflammation or other issues here can cause LUQ pain.