Nokea
Which gland is associated with “sugar, salt, and sex�
- A. Adrenal cortex
- B. Pancreas
- C. Parathyroid gland
- D. Neurohypophysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex is associated with producing hormones related to sugar (glucocorticoids), salt (mineralocorticoids), and sex (androgens). Glucocorticoids regulate glucose metabolism, mineralocorticoids regulate salt balance, and androgens are sex hormones. The pancreas primarily regulates blood sugar levels. The parathyroid gland is responsible for calcium and phosphorus balance, not sugar, salt, and sex. The neurohypophysis is part of the pituitary gland and mainly regulates water balance and blood pressure, not specifically sugar, salt, and sex.
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Which stimulates parietal cell secretion?
- A. prostaglandins
- B. aspirin
- C. vinegar
- D. acetylcholine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: acetylcholine. Parietal cells in the stomach are primarily stimulated by acetylcholine to secrete hydrochloric acid. Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors on parietal cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and subsequent acid secretion. Prostaglandins (choice A) actually inhibit acid secretion, making it an incorrect choice. Aspirin (choice B) is known to damage the gastric mucosa and does not directly stimulate parietal cells. Vinegar (choice C) is acidic but does not specifically target parietal cells for acid secretion. Therefore, the correct choice is acetylcholine as it directly stimulates parietal cell secretion through muscarinic receptors.
Which equation is used to calculate the power P of the machine?
- A. P = ΔE × t
- B. P = W × t
- C. P = ΔE / t
- D. P = W / ΔE
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct equation for calculating power is P = ΔE / t. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. In this equation, ΔE represents the change in energy and t represents the time taken for that change. Dividing the change in energy by the time gives us the power. This equation aligns with the fundamental definition of power.
Choice A (P = ΔE × t) is incorrect because it implies that power is directly proportional to both the change in energy and time, which is not always the case.
Choice B (P = W × t) is incorrect because it incorrectly uses work (W) in the equation for power, while power is specifically related to the rate at which work is done, not the work itself.
Choice D (P = W / ΔE) is incorrect because it suggests power is inversely proportional to the change in energy, which is not a characteristic of power.
When caring for a diabetic client at night, the only symptom of insulin shock that a nurse might observe is
- A. dry mucous membranes
- B. acetone breath
- C. flushed appearance
- D. diaphoresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common symptom of insulin shock or hypoglycemia is diaphoresis (sweating), which is a result of the body's stress response to low blood glucose levels.
Monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) is responsible for:
- A. Adrenaline activation
- B. Adrenaline synthesis
- C. Adrenaline degradation
- D. Acetylcholine degradation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) is responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters like adrenaline. MAO breaks down adrenaline into inactive metabolites, regulating its levels in the body. This process is crucial for maintaining neurotransmitter balance. Choice A is incorrect because MAO does not activate adrenaline. Choice B is incorrect as MAO is not involved in adrenaline synthesis. Choice D is incorrect as MAO does not degrade acetylcholine, but rather neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline.
A patient with diabetes is learning to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the patient does what?
- A. Withdraws the NPH dose into the syringe first
- B. Injects air equal to the NPH dose into the NPH vial first
- C. Removes any air bubbles after withdrawing the first insulin
- D. Adds air equal to the insulin dose into the regular vial and withdraws the dose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When mixing insulin, the correct order is to draw up the regular insulin first, followed by NPH insulin.