Nokea
Which row shows the correct labels on the diagram of a leaf section?
- A. cuticle, palisade mesophyll, stoma
- B. epidermis, palisade mesophyll, guard cell
- C. cuticle, spongy mesophyll, guard cell
- D. epidermis, spongy mesophyll, stoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the cuticle is the waxy layer on the leaf surface, palisade mesophyll is the layer of elongated cells where photosynthesis occurs, and stoma is the opening for gas exchange. Epidermis is the outer layer, not the cuticle. Spongy mesophyll is below palisade mesophyll, not above it. Guard cells surround stomata, not spongy mesophyll.
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When caring for a diabetic client at night, the only symptom of insulin shock that a nurse might observe is
- A. dry mucous membranes
- B. acetone breath
- C. flushed appearance
- D. diaphoresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common symptom of insulin shock or hypoglycemia is diaphoresis (sweating), which is a result of the body's stress response to low blood glucose levels.
The target organs of ADH are the:
- A. adrenal cortex and liver
- B. kidney and blood vessels
- C. liver and kidney
- D. pituitary and thyroid glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: kidney and blood vessels. ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, acts on the kidney to regulate water reabsorption and maintain fluid balance in the body. It also acts on blood vessels to regulate blood pressure. The other choices are incorrect because ADH does not target the adrenal cortex, liver, pituitary gland, or thyroid gland specifically for its primary functions. ADH primarily acts on the kidney and blood vessels to regulate water balance and blood pressure in the body.
Which gland is responsible for the production of insulin?
- A. ovaries
- B. testes
- C. hypothalamus
- D. islets of Langerhans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: islets of Langerhans. These clusters of cells within the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The ovaries (A) and testes (B) are not responsible for insulin production. The hypothalamus (C) plays a role in regulating many bodily functions, but it is not directly involved in insulin production.
In the emergency department, during initial assessment of a new admission with diabetes, you discover all of the following. Which information should you immediately report to the physician?
- A. Hammertoe of the left second metatarsophalangeal joint
- B. Rapid respiratory rate with deep inspirations
- C. Numbness and tingling bilaterally in feet and hands
- D. Decreased sensitivity and swelling of the abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rapid respiratory rate with deep inspirations may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or another metabolic disturbance and requires immediate intervention.
Atropine has the following pharmacological effects EXCEPT:
- A. It increases the heart rate
- B. Stimulates the respiratory center
- C. Has a mydriatic effect
- D. Produces bronchoconstriction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atropine does not produce bronchoconstriction. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine, leading to increased heart rate (A), stimulation of the respiratory center (B), and mydriatic effect (C). Bronchoconstriction is not a pharmacological effect of atropine because it actually helps dilate the bronchi, making it a useful treatment in cases of bronchospasm.