Nokea
Which group(s) of microorganisms is (are) thought to be the oldest living organisms?
- A. eukaryotes
- B. heterotrophic prokaryotes
- C. Archaea
- D. viruses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Archaea. Archaea are thought to be the oldest living organisms due to their unique characteristics and genetic similarities to the earliest forms of life. They are known for thriving in extreme environments, resembling conditions on early Earth. Other choices are incorrect because eukaryotes are more complex and evolved later, heterotrophic prokaryotes came after autotrophic prokaryotes, and viruses are not considered living organisms.
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A patient with chronic hepatitis C has been receiving interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) injections for the last month. Which information gathered during a visit in the home to conduct an interview and physical assessment is most important to communicate to the physician?
- A. The patient has chronic nausea and vomiting.
- B. The patient is giving the medication by the IM route to her lateral thigh.
- C. The patient has a temperature of 99.7°F orally.
- D. The patient complains of chronic fatigue,muscle aches and anorexia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration and malnutrition which are serious complications that need to be addressed. While the other symptoms are common side effects of interferon therapy they are less urgent than persistent nausea and vomiting.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
- A. BLASTX searches protein databases
- B. BLASTX use translated nucleotide as the query sequence
- C. Both TBLASTX and TBLASTN translate query into 6 reading frames
- D. BLASTN searches protein databases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because BLASTN searches nucleotide databases, not protein databases. BLASTN uses a nucleotide sequence as the query to find similar sequences in nucleotide databases. This is different from BLASTX, which searches protein databases using translated nucleotide sequences (answer A is correct). TBLASTX and TBLASTN translate the query sequence into six reading frames to search for similarities in both nucleotide and protein databases (answer C is correct). BLASTN is specifically designed for nucleotide sequence searches, making statement D incorrect.
is a gaseous by-product of natural gas combustion plant hormone
- A. auxin
- B. Gibberellins
- C. Ethylene
- D. All above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ethylene. Ethylene is indeed a gaseous plant hormone produced during the combustion of natural gas. It plays a crucial role in various plant processes such as fruit ripening, senescence, and stress responses.
A: Auxin is not a gaseous hormone and is primarily involved in promoting cell elongation and root growth.
B: Gibberellins are not gaseous hormones and mainly regulate plant growth processes like stem elongation and seed germination.
D: The statement "All above" is incorrect as auxin and gibberellins are not gaseous hormones, only ethylene fits the description.
Therefore, choice C, Ethylene, is the correct answer as it is the gaseous by-product of natural gas combustion and a plant hormone.
Which if the following concerned Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is NOT true
- A. Both women and men are infected
- B. It can cause cervical cancer
- C. The HPV vaccine is a prophylactic recombinant vaccine
- D. HPV is a DNA virus that can integrate into the cellular genome
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The correct answer is E, as it states that the question is asking for a statement that is NOT true regarding HPV. Choices A, B, C, and D are all true statements about HPV. A) Both women and men can be infected with HPV. B) HPV can indeed cause cervical cancer. C) The HPV vaccine is a prophylactic recombinant vaccine. D) HPV is a DNA virus that can integrate into the cellular genome. Therefore, the only option left, E, is the correct answer as it contradicts the true statements provided in the other choices.
Which major advantage is specific to external fixation devices?
- A. Faster healing time
- B. Allowance for immediate weight bearing
- C. Greater freedom of movement
- D. Pain reduction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Greater freedom of movement. External fixation devices provide this advantage by allowing for adjustability and mobility of the affected limb. This is crucial for rehabilitation and preventing joint stiffness. Choice A (Faster healing time) is not specific to external fixation devices and can vary case by case. Choice B (Allowance for immediate weight bearing) may not always be recommended due to the complexity of the injury. Choice D (Pain reduction) is not a major advantage of external fixation devices, as they primarily focus on stabilizing fractures rather than directly reducing pain.