Nokea
What is the role of a nurse during the scratch test to detect allergies?
- A. Applying the liquid test antigen
- B. Measuring the length and width of the raised wheal
- C. Determining the type of allergy
- D. Documenting the findings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse measures the size of the wheal and flare reaction to determine the severity of the allergic response.
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A nurse has presented an educational program to a community group on Lyme disease. What statement by a participant indicates the need to review the material?
- A. I should take precautions against ticks, especially in the summer.
- B. A red rash that looks like a bull's-eye may be one of the symptoms.
- C. If Lyme disease is not treated successfully, it is usually fatal.
- D. For Stage I disease, antibiotics are usually needed for 14 to 21 days.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Lyme disease is rarely fatal if treated promptly.
Step 2: Choice C states that Lyme disease is usually fatal if not treated successfully, which is incorrect.
Step 3: Therefore, this statement indicates a need for review as it spreads misinformation.
Step 4: Choices A, B, and D are accurate and align with the information provided in the educational program.
Step 5: In summary, the need to review the material is highlighted by the inaccurate statement in choice C, as the other choices provide correct information on Lyme disease.
The Ig class found in breast milk is
- A. IgA
- B. IgM
- C. IgD
- D. IgG
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: IgA. IgA is found in breast milk and plays a crucial role in providing immunity to the infant. It helps protect against infections in the digestive and respiratory tracts. IgM is primarily found in the bloodstream, IgD is mainly on the surface of B cells, and IgG is transferred from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. IgA is the specific immunoglobulin class present in breast milk, making it the correct choice.
What is a characteristic feature of atopy?
- A. Tendency to produce IgE in response to allergens
- B. Excess production of IgA antibodies
- C. Suppressed immune response to allergens
- D. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Atopy is a genetic predisposition to produce IgE antibodies in response to allergens.
2. IgE antibodies play a crucial role in allergic reactions.
3. Individuals with atopy have an exaggerated immune response to allergens.
4. Excess production of IgA antibodies (B) and suppressed immune response to allergens (C) are not characteristic features of atopy.
5. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (D) involve a different immune mechanism compared to the immediate IgE-mediated response in atopy.
What is the typical outcome of a C1q deficiency in the complement system?
- A. Enhanced inflammation
- B. Reduced phagocytosis
- C. Autoimmune diseases such as SLE
- D. Increased cancer risk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Autoimmune diseases such as SLE. C1q is essential for the classical pathway of the complement system, which plays a crucial role in clearing immune complexes. A deficiency in C1q can lead to impaired immune complex clearance, resulting in the development of autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Choice A (Enhanced inflammation) is incorrect because a deficiency in C1q would actually lead to decreased inflammation due to impaired complement activation.
Choice B (Reduced phagocytosis) is incorrect because phagocytosis is primarily mediated by the alternative pathway of the complement system, not the classical pathway involving C1q.
Choice D (Increased cancer risk) is incorrect as C1q deficiency is not directly associated with an increased risk of cancer.
A patient with chronic hepatitis C has been receiving interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) injections for the last month. Which information gathered during a visit in the home to conduct an interview and physical assessment is most important to communicate to the physician?
- A. The patient has chronic nausea and vomiting.
- B. The patient is giving the medication by the IM route to her lateral thigh.
- C. The patient has a temperature of 99.7°F orally.
- D. The patient complains of chronic fatigue,muscle aches and anorexia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration and malnutrition which are serious complications that need to be addressed. While the other symptoms are common side effects of interferon therapy they are less urgent than persistent nausea and vomiting.