Nokea
Which of the following causes memory cells to convert to plasma cells?
- A. An organ transplant
- B. Release of lymphokines
- C. Re-exposure to a specific antigen
- D. Initial exposure to an antigen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Memory cells convert to plasma cells upon re-exposure to a specific antigen which triggers a rapid and robust immune response.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following complement proteins is not part of the membrane attack complex?
- A. C5a
- B. C5b
- C. C6
- D. C7
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: C5a. C5a is not part of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC consists of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9 molecules. C5a is a chemotactic factor that attracts immune cells to the site of infection, while C5b initiates the formation of the MAC. Choices B, C, and D (C5b, C6, C7) are all components of the MAC and play crucial roles in the formation and function of the complex.
A nurse has presented an educational program to a community group on Lyme disease. What statement by a participant indicates the need to review the material?
- A. I should take precautions against ticks, especially in the summer.
- B. A red rash that looks like a bull's-eye may be one of the symptoms.
- C. If Lyme disease is not treated successfully, it is usually fatal.
- D. For Stage I disease, antibiotics are usually needed for 14 to 21 days.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Lyme disease is rarely fatal if treated promptly.
Step 2: Choice C states that Lyme disease is usually fatal if not treated successfully, which is incorrect.
Step 3: Therefore, this statement indicates a need for review as it spreads misinformation.
Step 4: Choices A, B, and D are accurate and align with the information provided in the educational program.
Step 5: In summary, the need to review the material is highlighted by the inaccurate statement in choice C, as the other choices provide correct information on Lyme disease.
A client is being taught about the transmission of HIV and is taught that body fluids such as blood,semen and vaginal secretions can transmit the virus. What is the other body fluid that the HIV virus can be transmitted through?
- A. Saliva
- B. Tears
- C. Sweat
- D. Breast milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV can be transmitted through breast milk,making it a risk factor for mother-to-child transmission.
Which of the following best describes the immune system's role in tissue regeneration?
- A. Preventing pathogen invasion
- B. Promoting wound healing and cell debris elimination
- C. Increasing cytokine production
- D. Suppressing adaptive immunity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the immune system plays a crucial role in promoting wound healing and eliminating cell debris. When tissue is damaged, the immune response helps remove dead cells and debris, initiates the healing process, and supports tissue regeneration. This involves the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury, releasing growth factors to stimulate cell proliferation, and resolving inflammation.
Choice A (Preventing pathogen invasion) is incorrect because while the immune system does play a role in preventing pathogen invasion, this is not directly related to tissue regeneration.
Choice C (Increasing cytokine production) is incorrect because although cytokines are involved in the immune response and can influence tissue repair, simply increasing cytokine production does not fully describe the immune system's role in tissue regeneration.
Choice D (Suppressing adaptive immunity) is incorrect because suppressing adaptive immunity would hinder rather than promote tissue regeneration, as adaptive immunity plays a role in immune memory and long-term protection against pathogens.
In a patient with leukocytosis with a shift to the left, what does the nurse recognize as causing this finding?
- A. The complement system has been activated to enhance phagocytosis.
- B. Monocytes are released into the blood in larger-than-normal amounts.
- C. The response to cellular injury is not adequate to remove damaged tissue and promote healing.
- D. The demand for neutrophils causes the release of immature neutrophils from the bone marrow.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 'shift to the left' refers to an increase in immature neutrophils in circulation, which occurs when there is a high demand for neutrophils due to infection or inflammation. This phenomenon indicates that the bone marrow is releasing immature neutrophils to meet the body's needs.