Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology Related

Review Anatomy and Physiology related questions and content

Which heart chamber has the thickest wall?

  • A. Right atrium
  • B. Left atrium
  • C. Right ventricle
  • D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest wall of all the heart chambers because it needs to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body. Its muscular wall is thicker and more powerful compared to the other heart chambers. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. Due to the higher workload and pressure required to push blood to the entire body, the left ventricle is the most muscular and has the thickest wall.

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Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?

  • A. Nuclear membrane.
  • B. Cell’s cytoplasm.
  • C. Cell membrane.
  • D. Cell wall.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale:

Which anatomic structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?

  • A. Nose
  • B. Throat
  • C. Eye
  • D. Ear
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ear. The malleus, incus, and stapes, also known as the auditory ossicles, are the three smallest bones in the human body and are located in the middle ear. These bones play a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear, facilitating the hearing process.

Which type of cell division occurs in the gonads?

  • A. Mitosis
  • B. Meiosis
  • C. Binary fission
  • D. Asexual division
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Meiosis is the type of cell division that occurs in the gonads. During meiosis, cells undergo two rounds of division resulting in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. This process is vital for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

Which structure is found in the upper respiratory tract?

  • A. Bronchi.
  • B. Alveoli
  • C. Pharynx.
  • D. Lungs.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale:

Where would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum in the body?

  • A. Back of the hand
  • B. Heel of the foot
  • C. Abdomen
  • D. Over the shin
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, providing a protective barrier to the skin. Areas of the body that experience more friction and pressure tend to have a thicker stratum corneum. The heel of the foot is subjected to constant pressure and friction during walking and standing, leading to the development of a particularly thick stratum corneum to protect against wear and tear.

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