Nokea
Which hormone stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Secretin
- D. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK is produced in the small intestine in response to the presence of fats and proteins. It stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas to aid in digestion. Insulin (A) and Glucagon (B) are involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not digestive enzyme release. Secretin (C) primarily stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid, not digestive enzymes.
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Which of the following would likely promote the development of obesity?
- A. a greater proportion of bacteriabetes relative to firmicutes gut microflora
- B. a smaller than normal dopamine response to eating high fat and sugar foods
- C. a smaller than normal increase in ghrelin concentrations prior to eating
- D. a greater than normal increase in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an increase in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein can lead to increased appetite, reduced energy expenditure, and ultimately promote the development of obesity. Neuropeptide Y stimulates food intake, while agouti-related protein inhibits the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure.
A is incorrect because a greater proportion of bacteriabetes relative to firmicutes gut microflora is not directly linked to the development of obesity. B is incorrect because a smaller dopamine response to high fat and sugar foods would likely lead to reduced intake, not obesity. C is incorrect because a smaller increase in ghrelin concentrations would lead to decreased appetite, which is not conducive to obesity development.
Which nursing action will be included in the plan of care for a 25-yr-old male patient with a new diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
- A. Encourage the patient to express concerns and ask questions about IBS.
- B. Suggest that the patient increase the intake of milk and other dairy products.
- C. Teach the patient to avoid using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- D. Teach the patient about the use of alosetron (Lotronex) to reduce IBS symptoms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Encouraging the patient to express concerns and ask questions about IBS is important for providing emotional support and promoting understanding.
Step 2: This action shows empathy and fosters a therapeutic relationship, which can help the patient cope with the new diagnosis.
Step 3: By expressing concerns and asking questions, the patient can gain knowledge about IBS and actively participate in their care.
Step 4: This approach aligns with patient-centered care principles and empowers the patient to be involved in decision-making regarding their health.
Summary:
- Option B is incorrect as increasing intake of dairy products can exacerbate IBS symptoms in some individuals.
- Option C is incorrect as avoiding NSAIDs is generally recommended for IBS patients due to potential gastrointestinal side effects.
- Option D is incorrect as alosetron is a medication with potential serious side effects and should not be the first-line treatment for IBS.
During discharge instructions for a patient following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Keep the incision areas clean and dry for at least a week.
- B. Report the need to take pain medication for shoulder pain.
- C. Report any bile-colored or purulent drainage from the incisions.
- D. Expect some postoperative nausea and vomiting for a few days.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report any bile-colored or purulent drainage from the incisions. This is important because it could indicate infection or bile leak, which are complications that need immediate medical attention. A is incorrect because incision areas should be kept clean and dry, but typically for 48 hours, not a week. B is incorrect as shoulder pain is a common referred pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and not necessarily an immediate concern. D is incorrect because while some nausea and vomiting can be expected, it should not be considered normal for days postoperatively.
Which of the following routes is used to instill a dye for a radionuclide imaging test?
- A. Infusion through oral or IV route
- B. Infusion through a T-tube
- C. Infusion through a small nasogastric tube
- D. Infusion through an endoscope
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because instilling a dye for radionuclide imaging test involves injecting the dye intravenously or orally to allow it to circulate in the bloodstream and be absorbed by the body tissues. IV route ensures rapid and direct entry into the bloodstream for proper distribution. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide the necessary direct access to the bloodstream required for effective distribution of the dye for imaging purposes.
Which one of the following tissues normally DOES NOT produce ghrelin that stimulates food intake?
- A. Stomach
- B. Pancreas
- C. Adrenal
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Ghrelin is primarily produced by the stomach to stimulate appetite.
Step 2: The pancreas produces insulin and enzymes, not ghrelin.
Step 3: The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol, not ghrelin.
Step 4: The liver is not a major site for ghrelin production, making choice D the correct answer.