Nokea
Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
- A. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
- B. human growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone
- C. prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone
- D. glucocorticoids and androgens
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. The posterior pituitary stores and releases these hormones, which are produced in the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions and milk ejection, while antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because human growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary, prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary, and glucocorticoids and androgens are produced by the adrenal glands, respectively.
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The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is:
- A. Liver & adipose tissue
- B. Gonads
- C. Anterior pituitary
- D. Bone marrow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anterior pituitary. Releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus act on the anterior pituitary to regulate the secretion of pituitary hormones. This interaction is known as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hormones released by the hypothalamus travel through the hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary, where they stimulate or inhibit the release of specific pituitary hormones. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the primary target of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones is the anterior pituitary, not the liver & adipose tissue, gonads, or bone marrow.
Which of the following can be performed to determine a client's general status and rule out disorders?
- A. A complete blood count
- B. A complete blood count and chemistry profile
- C. Chemistry profile
- D. Radiographs of the chest or abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A complete blood count (CBC) and a chemistry profile provide a comprehensive overview of a client's general health status and help in ruling out various disorders.
Which row shows the type of reaction that occurs and the colour of the mixture at the end of the reaction?
- A. neutralisation, orange
- B. neutralisation, yellow
- C. redox, orange
- D. redox, yellow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: neutralisation, yellow. In a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base, the acidic and basic properties neutralize each other, resulting in a salt and water. The indicator phenolphthalein is commonly used in acid-base titrations, turning pink in basic solutions and colorless in acidic solutions. When the reaction is complete and the solution is neutral (pH 7), phenolphthalein appears yellow. Therefore, the color of the mixture at the end of a neutralization reaction is yellow. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because neutralization reactions typically result in a yellow color, not orange, and redox reactions do not involve the same color changes as neutralization reactions.
Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.
- A. adrenal medulla
- B. pancreas
- C. thyroid gland
- D. thymus gland
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: thymus gland. The thymus gland is crucial for the development and maturation of T cells, a type of immune cell. The hormones produced by the thymus gland, such as thymosin, play a key role in the proper functioning of the immune system. Without a functional thymus gland, the immune response would be compromised.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Adrenal medulla does not play a direct role in immune response development.
B: Pancreas primarily produces hormones related to blood sugar regulation, not immune response.
C: Thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly related to immune response development.
Which hormones of the adrenal glands supplement the sex hormones from the gonads?
- A. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone
- B. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol
- C. Gnadocorticoids, such as the androgens
- D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Gnadocorticoids, such as the androgens. The adrenal glands produce androgens like DHEA which can supplement sex hormones from the gonads. Choice A, mineralocorticoids, control electrolyte and water balance. Choice B, glucocorticoids, regulate metabolism and immune response. Choice D, epinephrine and norepinephrine, are involved in the fight or flight response. Gnadcorticoids, specifically androgens, are the hormones from the adrenal glands that can supplement sex hormones from the gonads, making choice C the correct answer.