Nokea
Which is a vital function muscles perform when they contract?
- A. Absorb uric acid
- B. Maintenance of posture
- C. Motion
- D. Store minerals
- E. Production of heat
- F. To assist in return of venous blood to the left side of the heart
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: The vital functions muscles perform when they contract are maintenance of posture, motion, and production of $85 \%$ of body heat. Muscles do not absorb uric acid, store minerals. Venous blood is returned to the right side of the heart.
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Calcium is a mineral found in many foods that can slow bone loss during the aging process. Which food is high in calcium?
- A. Oranges
- B. Bananas
- C. Spinach
- D. Eggs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spinach and green vegetables, as well as yogurt, are considered calcium-rich foods. Fresh oranges, bananas, and eggs are not good calcium choices.
The patient has been diagnosed as having gouty arthritis. The patient asks the nurse to explain the cause of the inflammation of the great toe. Which is the appropriate nursing response?
- A. You have calcium oxalate deposits that are seen in gouty arthritis.'
- B. The inflammation is from small accumulations of uric acid crystals, which are called tophi.'
- C. The small nodules are not related to the arthritis condition.'
- D. You have fat deposits that are common with gouty arthritis.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gout is a metabolic disease resulting from an accumulation of uric acid in the blood. It is an acute inflammatory condition associated with ineffective metabolism of purines. Although some patients with gout also have kidney stones, and some kidney stones are caused by calcium oxalate deposits, gout is not caused from calcium oxalate deposits. A patient with gout usually has excruciating pain, edema and inflammation in the affected joint, not small nodules. Fat deposits are not associated with gouty arthritis.
The 14-year-old boy who is scheduled for left leg amputation says to the nurse, 'What in the world am I going to do with only one leg?' Which is the nurse's therapeutic response?
- A. This is a tough thing to go through'
- B. With a prosthesis, you will be as good as new.'
- C. It is way too early to be concerned about that now.'
- D. When my brother had his leg removed, he did great!'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's concern should be acknowledged and the patient encouraged to express feelings. Telling the patient he will be as good as new is false reassurance and does not further encourage the patient to express feelings. The patient IS concerned about having to deal with one leg; telling the patient it is way too early to be concerned is inappropriate and nontherapeutic. The nurse is changing the subject when talking about the brother who also had his leg removed.
Which is the priority nursing intervention for a patient experiencing a fat embolism?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Increase intravenous fluids.
- C. Administer analgesic medication
- D. Notify the charge nurse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The airway is always the first priority. The patient should immediately be given oxygen. The charge nurse should be notified, but the priority action is to provide oxygen. The patient will not likely benefit from increased intravenous fluids and it is not the priority action. Pain medication is likely needed, however, providing oxygen is the priority.
The nurse clarifies to a patient who is being evaluated for possible rheumatoid arthritis that the elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) indicates the presence of which process?
- A. A chronic infection
- B. Poor protein intake
- C. Increased inflammatory reaction in the body.
- D. A poor immune response to a microorganism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ESR indicates an increase in the inflammatory reactions in the body. An elevated ESR does not indicate a chronic infection, poor protein intake or a poor immune response to a microorganism.