Nokea
Which is an objective of care for a 10-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Reduce blood pressure.
- B. Reduce excretion of urinary protein.
- C. Increase excretion of urinary protein.
- D. Increase ability of tissues to retain fluid.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The management goal for a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is to reduce the excretion of urinary protein. In this condition, there is an abnormal loss of protein in the urine due to damage in the glomeruli of the kidneys. Reducing the excretion of urinary protein helps prevent complications associated with protein loss, such as edema and hypoalbuminemia. While reducing blood pressure may be important in some cases, the primary focus for this specific condition is to address the protein leak in the urine. Increasing the excretion of urinary protein would worsen the condition, and increasing the ability of tissues to retain fluid is not the desired outcome in this context.
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Which of the ff is the main reason why older clients with AIDS need more care than their younger counterparts?
- A. Because the older clients lack balanced diet and activity
- B. Because older clients lack knowledge about disorders
- C. Because older clients have a faster progression of disease
- D. Because older clients do not generally adhere to a therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main reason why older clients with AIDS need more care than their younger counterparts is because older clients have a faster progression of the disease. As a person ages, their immune system tends to weaken, making them more vulnerable to infections and complications from diseases like AIDS. Older individuals may have decreased immune function and lower resilience when combating HIV-related complications compared to younger clients. This faster disease progression necessitates more frequent monitoring, specialized care, and management strategies tailored to the specific needs of older patients with AIDS. Therefore, older clients with AIDS require more support, medical attention, and comprehensive care to address their complex health needs effectively.
Before a cancer receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) resumes a normal diet, the nurse teaches him about dietary sources of minerals. Which foods are good sources of zinc?
- A. Fruits and yellow vegetables
- B. Fruits and green vegetables
- C. Yeast and legumes
- D. Whole grains and meats
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in immune function, wound healing, and overall growth and development. Good dietary sources of zinc include whole grains and meats. Whole grains such as wheat and rice contain moderate amounts of zinc, while meats such as beef, pork, and chicken are rich sources of this mineral. Including these foods in the diet can help ensure an adequate intake of zinc, especially for individuals who have increased nutritional needs like cancer patients receiving TPN.
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by all the following EXCEPT
- A. thrombocytopenia
- B. microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- C. coagulopathy
- D. association with infantile hemangiomas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is not typically associated with hemangiomas.
When communicating with other professionals, what is important for the nurse to do?
- A. Ask others what they want to know.
- B. Share everything known about the family.
- C. Restrict communication to clinically relevant information.
- D. Recognize that confidentiality is not possible.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When communicating with other professionals, it is important for the nurse to restrict communication to clinically relevant information. This ensures that only necessary and pertinent information is shared, maintaining patient confidentiality and preventing the unnecessary dissemination of sensitive details. By focusing on clinically relevant information, healthcare professionals can collaborate effectively and make well-informed decisions about patient care without compromising confidentiality or violating ethical guidelines.
Aling Iska, a 78-year old client consults with a hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of 11mg/dl and 32 % respectively. These finding indicates:
- A. nothing because these are normal findings
- B. the nurse should conduct a thorough nutritional assessment
- C. understanding that the client should be advised to have the test repeated in three months
- D. understanding that anemia is a part of the degeneration of the bone marrow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aling Iska's hemoglobin level of 11mg/dl and hematocrit level of 32% are both below the normal range for her age group. These low levels indicate anemia, which is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia can be caused by various factors, such as nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, folate), chronic diseases, or bone marrow problems. In this case, given Aling Iska's advanced age of 78 years, it is essential for the nurse to conduct a thorough nutritional assessment to determine if her anemia is related to any deficiencies that can be addressed through dietary changes or supplementation. It is important to identify the underlying cause of anemia to provide appropriate interventions and prevent further complications.