Nokea
Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?
- A. control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood
- B. control of wastes in the blood
- C. lipid digestion
- D. regulation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: lipid digestion. Kidneys are not involved in the process of lipid digestion. Kidneys primarily function in filtering blood, controlling water and electrolyte balance, regulating blood pressure, and removing waste products. Lipid digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal system, specifically in the small intestine, where bile from the liver aids in breaking down fats. Choices A, B, and D are all functions directly related to kidney function, as the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining proper pH balance, filtering waste products from the blood, and regulating blood pressure.
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Which is not a relatively common finding in ESRF patients?
- A. Metastatic calcification.
- B. Peripheral neuropathy
- C. Hypophosphatemia
- D. Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypophosphatemia. In end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients, hypophosphatemia is not a common finding due to impaired renal excretion of phosphate. Metastatic calcification (A) occurs due to high calcium-phosphate product, peripheral neuropathy (B) can result from uremic toxins, and hyperparathyroidism (D) is common in ESRF due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, hypophosphatemia is the least likely finding in ESRF patients.
The microscopic functional unit of the kidney Urinary bladder Urethra Putting it all together 19 Explain, in your own words, whether the following substances would normally be expected to be present
- B. Protein
- C. Glucose
- D. Some people may need to undergo kidney dialysis. Explain, in your own words, how this intervention is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein. In the urine, the presence of protein can indicate kidney damage or malfunction. Normally, the kidneys filter out waste products, toxins, and excess substances, but proteins are too large to pass through healthy kidney filters. If protein is found in the urine, it suggests a problem with the kidney's filtration system. This can be a sign of conditions like kidney disease or diabetes.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Urinary bladder and urethra are not typically associated with the presence of substances like protein in urine.
C: Glucose in the urine may indicate diabetes or other health issues, but it is not the most common substance to be tested for in routine urinalysis.
D: Kidney dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure, not a substance present in urine.
What causes the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation of stomatitis in the patient with CKD?
- A. High serum sodium levels
- B. Irritation of the GI tract from creatinine
- C. Increased ammonia from bacterial breakdown of urea
- D. Iron salts, calcium-containing phosphate binders, and limited fluid intake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Stomatitis in CKD patients is often caused by iron salts, calcium-containing phosphate binders, and limited fluid intake. Iron salts and calcium binders can lead to mucosal irritation in the GI tract, exacerbating stomatitis. Limited fluid intake can cause dehydration, leading to oral mucosal dryness and vulnerability to stomatitis.
A: High serum sodium levels do not directly cause stomatitis in CKD patients.
B: Irritation of the GI tract from creatinine is not a common cause of stomatitis in CKD patients.
C: Increased ammonia from bacterial breakdown of urea is more related to hepatic encephalopathy rather than stomatitis in CKD patients.
Desmopressin reduces urine volume in which of the following condition? *
- A. Central (neurogeni
- B. diabetes insipidus
- C. Renal (nephrogeni
- D. diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Desmopressin reduces urine volume in diabetes insipidus by mimicking the action of vasopressin, which is deficient in this condition. It helps to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output. Central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are not directly treated with desmopressin as they involve different underlying mechanisms. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.
The physician documented that the patient has urinary retention. How should the nurse explain this when the nursing student asks what it is?
- A. Inability to void
- B. No urine formation
- C. Large amount of urine output
- D. Increased incidence of urination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inability to void. Urinary retention refers to the inability to empty the bladder completely. The nurse should explain to the student that this condition causes difficulty in urination and can lead to discomfort and complications if not addressed. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because urinary retention does not refer to the absence of urine formation, large urine output, or increased urination frequency. It specifically relates to the inability to void urine from the bladder.