Genitourinary System Quizlet

Genitourinary System Quizlet Related

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Which of the following anti-HIV regimen that is generally reserved for advanced cases of AIDS or for repeated treatment failures?:

  • A. Two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + one protease inhibitor (PI)
  • B. Three NRTIs
  • C. Two NRTIs + one non-NRTI
  • D. One NRTI + one non-NRTI + one PI
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + one protease inhibitor (PI). This regimen is typically reserved for advanced cases of AIDS or repeated treatment failures due to its high potency and effectiveness in suppressing HIV replication. NRTIs work by blocking the reverse transcriptase enzyme, while PIs inhibit the protease enzyme, both essential for HIV replication. Combining two NRTIs with a PI targets the virus at multiple stages, reducing the likelihood of resistance development. In contrast, the other choices (B, C, D) do not offer the same level of efficacy or resistance prevention as the combination in choice A. B: Three NRTIs may lead to increased toxicity without added benefit. C: Two NRTIs + one non-NRTI lacks the potency of a PI in advanced cases. D: One NRTI + one non-NRTI + one PI is not as effective as two NRTIs + one PI in suppressing

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The patient has a thoracic spinal cord lesion and incontinence that occurs equally during the day and night. What type of incontinence is this patient experiencing?

  • A. Reflex incontinence
  • B. Overflow incontinence
  • C. Functional incontinence
  • D. Incontinence after trauma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reflex incontinence. This type of incontinence occurs due to a lack of voluntary control over the bladder, usually resulting from a spinal cord lesion. In this case, the thoracic spinal cord lesion is causing the incontinence. The fact that incontinence occurs equally during the day and night suggests a lack of awareness or sensation of bladder fullness, characteristic of reflex incontinence.

Summary of other choices:
B: Overflow incontinence is due to bladder overdistension and is commonly associated with conditions like BPH or spinal cord injuries at the sacral level.
C: Functional incontinence is when a person is unable to reach the toilet in time due to physical or cognitive impairments.
D: Incontinence after trauma is a broad term and does not specifically address the pattern of incontinence described in the question.

The following topical antifungal drugs include all EXCEPT: *

  • A. Tolnaftate
  • B. Crotamiton
  • C. Terbinane
  • D. Ciclopirox
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crotamiton. Crotamiton is not an antifungal drug; it is actually a scabicide and antipruritic agent used to treat scabies and itching.
A: Tolnaftate is an antifungal commonly used to treat fungal skin infections like athlete's foot.
C: Terbinafine is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails.
D: Ciclopirox is an antifungal used to treat fungal infections of the nails and skin.

This is Mr. Taylor’s first postoperative day. The urinary bladder drainage has become darker in color. Your initial action would be to

  • A. call the attending physician
  • B. irrigate with a piston syringe
  • C. check the flow to maintain a light pink drainage
  • D. Nothing; this is expected at this time
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer (C): Check the flow to maintain a light pink drainage.

Rationale:
1. Darker bladder drainage may indicate blood in the urine, which could be a sign of internal bleeding postoperatively.
2. Checking the flow allows you to assess the amount and color of drainage to ensure it stays light pink, indicating no significant bleeding.
3. Monitoring the drainage color helps in early detection of complications and prompt intervention if needed.

Incorrect Choices:
A: Calling the attending physician is not the initial action as it may delay necessary intervention.
B: Irrigating with a piston syringe can disrupt the natural drainage pattern and should not be done without a healthcare provider's order.
D: Ignoring the change in color as expected can lead to overlooking a potentially serious issue.

The basic function of the renal system includes filtration, secretion, reabsorption, and excretion. Which of the following substances is secreted by the nephrons and can be found in the filtrate that is eventually excreted?

  • A. Amino Acids
  • B. Creatinine
  • C. Sodium
  • D. Glucose
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Creatinine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and is filtered by the nephrons in the kidneys. It is then secreted into the filtrate and eventually excreted in the urine. A: Amino Acids are reabsorbed by the nephrons, not secreted. C: Sodium is primarily reabsorbed by the nephrons to maintain electrolyte balance. D: Glucose is normally completely reabsorbed by the nephrons unless there is a medical condition such as diabetes where it may be found in the urine.

Which of the following activities is not related to kidney function?

  • A. control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood
  • B. control of wastes in the blood
  • C. lipid digestion
  • D. regulation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lipid digestion. Kidneys are not involved in the process of lipid digestion. Kidneys primarily function in filtering blood, controlling water and electrolyte balance, regulating blood pressure, and removing waste products. Lipid digestion occurs in the gastrointestinal system, specifically in the small intestine, where bile from the liver aids in breaking down fats. Choices A, B, and D are all functions directly related to kidney function, as the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining proper pH balance, filtering waste products from the blood, and regulating blood pressure.

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