Nokea
A 75 year old man is suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy and is being * treated with terazosin. Which of the following adverse reaction would be expected taking this drug?
- A. Erectile dysfunction
- B. Orthostatic hypotension
- C. GI distress
- D. Gynecomastia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orthostatic hypotension. Terazosin is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used to treat BPH. It can cause vasodilation, leading to a drop in blood pressure, especially when standing up suddenly, resulting in orthostatic hypotension. This is because terazosin relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels, causing dilation and blood pooling in the extremities. Erectile dysfunction (A) is not a common side effect of terazosin. GI distress (C) is less likely because terazosin does not directly affect the gastrointestinal system. Gynecomastia (D) is not a typical side effect of terazosin since it does not impact hormone levels significantly.
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Desmopressin reduces urine volume in which of the following condition? *
- A. Central (neurogeni
- B. diabetes insipidus
- C. Renal (nephrogeni
- D. diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Desmopressin reduces urine volume in diabetes insipidus by mimicking the action of vasopressin, which is deficient in this condition. It helps to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urine output. Central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are not directly treated with desmopressin as they involve different underlying mechanisms. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.
The nurse is caring for a patient scheduled for renal should the nurse include?
- A. The need to be NPO for 12 hours prior to the test
- B. Relaxation techniques to apply during the test
- C. The need for conscious sedation prior to the test
- D. Administration of IV potassium chloride
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because being NPO for 12 hours prior to a renal biopsy helps prevent complications such as aspiration during sedation. Choice B is incorrect as relaxation techniques are not typically relevant for a renal biopsy. Choice C is incorrect as conscious sedation is not routinely required for a renal biopsy. Choice D is incorrect as IV potassium chloride administration is unrelated to renal biopsy preparation and may even be contraindicated.
Which of the following diuretics than can cause gynecomastia, hirsutism and menstrual disturbances as adverse reactions?
- A. Hydrochlorothiazide
- B. Bumetanide
- C. Acetazolamide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts as an aldosterone antagonist.
2. Aldosterone antagonism can lead to anti-androgenic effects, causing gynecomastia and hirsutism in males and menstrual disturbances in females.
3. Hydrochlorothiazide (A) is a thiazide diuretic known for electrolyte imbalances, not these specific side effects.
4. Bumetanide (B) is a loop diuretic that primarily affects electrolytes, not causing hormonal side effects.
5. Acetazolamide (C) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, usually associated with metabolic acidosis, not hormonal disturbances.
Summary:
Spironolactone (D) is the correct answer due to its aldosterone antagonist properties causing hormonal side effects. The other choices do not have the same mechanism of action and are not associated with gynecomastia,
Branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys are called _________.
- A. Renal capsules
- B. Ureters
- C. Renal arteries
- D. Renal Columns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal arteries. Renal arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the kidneys. They play a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the kidneys for filtration and waste removal. Choice A, Renal capsules, are fibrous tissue surrounding the kidney, not blood vessels. Choice B, Ureters, are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, not blood vessels. Choice D, Renal Columns, are extensions of the renal cortex in the kidney, not blood vessels. Hence, C is the correct choice as it directly relates to the blood supply of the kidneys.
A patient with a recent history of nephrolithiasis has
- A. After determining that the patients
- B. Irrigate the ileal conduit with a dilute citric acid
- D. IV fluid administration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: IV fluid administration. This is the most appropriate choice for a patient with nephrolithiasis as it helps to increase urine volume and dilute the concentration of minerals in the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Adequate hydration is crucial in preventing the recurrence of kidney stones. Choice A is incomplete and does not offer a specific intervention for nephrolithiasis. Choice B is unnecessary and could potentially cause harm by altering the pH of the urine. Choice C is blank and does not provide any relevant information for managing nephrolithiasis.