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Which of the following are important techniques when giving directions to subordinates? (EXCEPT)
- A. Know the context of the instructions.
- B. Use lateral communication.
- C. Verify feedback.
- D. Get positive attention.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use lateral communication. This is not an important technique when giving directions to subordinates because lateral communication typically involves communication between peers or individuals at the same hierarchical level. When giving directions to subordinates, it is crucial to maintain clear communication channels between superiors and subordinates to ensure clarity and accountability.
A: Knowing the context of the instructions is important to provide relevant and meaningful directions.
C: Verifying feedback helps ensure that the subordinates have understood the directions correctly and can address any misunderstandings.
D: Getting positive attention can motivate subordinates to follow directions effectively, but it is not a fundamental technique for giving directions.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is exhibiting signs of hemorrhagic shock. The nurse notifies the surgeon, who tells the nurse to continue to measure the client's vital signs every 15 min and to report back in 1 hour. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
- A. Document the surgeon's instructions in the client's medical record.
- B. Complete an incident report.
- C. Consult the charge nurse.
- D. Notify the nursing manager.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Notify the nursing manager. The nurse should escalate the situation to the nursing manager because the surgeon's instructions may not be appropriate for a client in hemorrhagic shock. The nurse needs to advocate for the client's safety and ensure prompt and appropriate intervention. Consulting the charge nurse may not be sufficient, and documenting the instructions or completing an incident report does not address the immediate need for proper medical intervention.
Which of the following statements about ethical principles and laws is true?
- A. The government holds the power to enforce ethics.
- B. Laws provide standards that assist in decision making.
- C. Ethics are very specific.
- D. As a standard for measuring actions, ethical principles may be the basis for laws.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws. Ethical principles often guide the creation of laws to ensure societal order and justice. Laws are based on ethical values and aim to regulate behavior accordingly. Therefore, ethical principles can be seen as a standard for measuring actions, influencing the development and enforcement of laws.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. The government enforces laws, not ethics.
B: Incorrect. Laws are based on ethics, but they are not the same.
C: Incorrect. Ethics are broad principles, not specific rules.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a female client who has hypovolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be a priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
- A. BUN 21 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
- B. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
- C. Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL)
- D. Sodium 132 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Potassium 5.8 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, there is a decrease in blood volume leading to electrolyte imbalances. Potassium levels outside the normal range can be life-threatening, causing cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L is a priority to report to the provider for prompt intervention.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: BUN within the normal range. It may indicate dehydration but not immediately life-threatening.
C: Creatinine slightly elevated, indicating kidney function impairment but not as critical as potassium imbalance.
D: Sodium within acceptable range, not an immediate concern in hypovolemia.
When seeking their first nursing job, what is the most important factor that nursing graduates look for?
- A. Location
- B. Money
- C. Orientation
- D. Vacation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Orientation. Nursing graduates prioritize orientation as the most important factor when seeking their first job because it sets the foundation for their transition into the role. A thorough orientation program provides essential training, support, and guidance, which are crucial for their success and confidence in their new position. Location (A) may be important for convenience, but orientation directly impacts their ability to perform their duties effectively. Money (B) and vacation (D) are important but typically take a back seat to factors that directly impact their ability to excel in their new role.
Which of the following is true regarding health care systems today?
- A. They are all managed care organizations.
- B. They are all privately owned.
- C. Only HMOs are profitable.
- D. There are multiple types of organizations.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because there are indeed multiple types of health care organizations today, including but not limited to managed care organizations, private entities, non-profit organizations, and government-funded systems. This diversity in health care systems allows for different models and approaches to delivering care, catering to the needs and preferences of various populations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because not all health care systems are managed care organizations, privately owned, or solely profitable for HMOs. It is essential to understand the complexity and variety in health care systems to provide comprehensive and efficient care to patients.