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Which of the following bacteria is known for producing a capsule that helps it avoid the immune system?

  • A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • B. Escherichia coli
  • C. Salmonella enterica
  • D. Bacillus subtilis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacterium is known for producing a capsule that helps it evade the immune system. The capsule acts as a protective barrier, making it difficult for the immune system to recognize and attack the bacteria. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia and meningitis.

Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Escherichia coli does not typically produce a capsule for immune evasion. It is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal infections.
C: Salmonella enterica also does not produce a capsule for immune evasion. It is known for causing foodborne illness.
D: Bacillus subtilis is a soil bacterium that is not known for producing a capsule to avoid the immune system.