Nokea
Which of the following benzodiazepines is used mainly for hypnosis?
- A. Clonozepam
- B. Lorazepam
- C. Flurazepam
- D. Midazolam
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flurazepam. Flurazepam is a benzodiazepine commonly used for its sedative-hypnotic properties, making it ideal for treating insomnia and inducing sleep. Clonazepam (A) is mainly used for seizure disorders and panic disorder. Lorazepam (B) is primarily used for anxiety and agitation. Midazolam (D) is commonly used for sedation before medical procedures. Therefore, Flurazepam is the most appropriate choice for hypnosis among the options provided.
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Side effect of vitamin D3 is:
- A. Defective bone mineralization
- B. Metastatic calcifications
- C. Hepatic toxicity
- D. Nephrolithiasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metastatic calcifications. Vitamin D3 can lead to hypercalcemia, causing calcium to deposit in soft tissues like blood vessels and kidneys, leading to metastatic calcifications. Choice A is incorrect because vitamin D deficiency, not excess, causes defective bone mineralization. Choice C is incorrect as vitamin D toxicity primarily affects calcium levels, not the liver. Choice D is incorrect as nephrolithiasis is more commonly associated with excess intake of calcium supplements, not vitamin D3.
The client has paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. What are some causes of this?select one that does not apply
- A. Stress
- B. Digitalis toxicity
- C. Stimulants
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PSVT can be triggered by stress, stimulants (e.g., caffeine), and digitalis toxicity, which alter atrial excitability.
This drug is an anticonvulsant frequently used to treat generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
- A. Adenosine
- B. Amiodarone
- C. Diltiazem
- D. Esmolol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiodarone. Amiodarone is not commonly used as an anticonvulsant; it is primarily used as an antiarrhythmic medication to treat various types of irregular heart rhythms. Adenosine is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia, not seizures. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used for hypertension and arrhythmias, not seizures. Esmolol is a beta-blocker primarily used for controlling heart rate in certain conditions, not seizures. Therefore, Amiodarone is the most appropriate choice for treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Norepinephrine produces:
- A. Vasoconstriction
- B. Vasodilatation
- C. Bronchodilation
- D. Decresed potassium concentration in the plasma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction by stimulating smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. This leads to increased blood pressure. Vasodilatation (B) is incorrect as norepinephrine does not cause blood vessels to dilate. Bronchodilation (C) is incorrect because norepinephrine primarily affects blood vessels, not bronchioles. Decreased potassium concentration in the plasma (D) is incorrect as norepinephrine does not directly impact potassium levels. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Vasoconstriction.
Following loop diuretic is a phynoxy acetic acid derivative
- A. Furosemide
- B. Bumetanide
- C. Ethacrynic acid
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethacrynic acid is a phenoxyacetic acid derivative, distinct from furosemide and bumetanide, which are sulfonamide derivatives.