Nokea
Which of the following concerned with Leishmania is NOT true
- A. Meditated by IgE
- B. Is a unicellular parasite
- C. Activation of macrophages is essential for killing the parasite
- D. Escapes host immune attack by hiding inside neutrophils
Correct Answer: a
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mediated by IgE. Leishmania infection is not primarily mediated by IgE antibodies. The immune response against Leishmania involves T cells, macrophages, and cytokines. IgE is not a major player in the defense against Leishmania. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Leishmania is indeed a unicellular parasite, activation of macrophages is essential for killing the parasite, and Leishmania can hide inside neutrophils to escape the host immune attack.
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Which of the following is a physical barrier provided by innate immunity?
- A. Antibodies
- B. T lymphocytes
- C. Tight junctions in epithelial cells
- D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tight junctions in epithelial cells. These junctions physically prevent pathogens from entering the body. Antibodies (A) and T lymphocytes (B) are components of adaptive immunity, not physical barriers. Phagocytosis (D) is a cellular process, not a physical barrier.
As the nurse manager in a public health department,you are responsible for developing a plan to reduce the incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the community. Which nursing action is best delegated to health assistants working for the agency?
- A. Supply injection drug users with bleach solution for cleaning needles and syringes.
- B. Provide pretest and post-test counseling to those patients who are seeking HIV testing.
- C. Educate high-risk community members about the use of condoms in HIV prevention.
- D. Determine which population groups to target for education based on community assessment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health assistants can effectively distribute bleach solutions to injection drug users as part of harm reduction strategies. Pretest and post-test counseling education on condom use and community assessment require more advanced training and are typically responsibilities of registered nurses or other healthcare professionals.
Which of the following statements is NOT true
- A. T cells expressing CD4 exert their function mainly through secretion of cytokines
- B. CD8 T cells interact with MHC class I molecules on antigen presenting cells
- C. CD4 T cells can help B cells because B cells express MHC class II molecules and can present antigen to T cells
- D. CD3 is not necessary for TCR signaling in cytotoxic T cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because CD3 is indeed necessary for TCR signaling in cytotoxic T cells. CD3 is a crucial component of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, which is responsible for initiating intracellular signaling upon recognition of antigen-MHC complexes. Without CD3, TCR signaling cannot occur, leading to impaired T cell activation and cytotoxic function. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they accurately describe the functions and interactions of T cells expressing CD4 and CD8 with antigen presenting cells, as well as the role of CD4 T cells in helping B cells through antigen presentation.
Which description about a nurse who develops a contact dermatitis from wearing latex gloves is accurate?
- A. This demonstrates a type I allergic reaction to natural latex proteins.
- B. Use powder-free latex gloves to prevent the development of symptoms.
- C. Use an oil-based hand cream when wearing gloves to prevent latex allergy.
- D. This demonstrates a type IV allergic reaction to chemicals used in the manufacture of latex gloves.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Contact dermatitis from latex gloves is typically a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to chemicals used in glove manufacturing.
Which of the following is NOT true? The meeting of naïve T cells and dendritic cells:
- A. Is facilitated by the presence of naïve B cells
- B. Occurs in the paracortex of lymph nodes
- C. Is facilitated by movement of the T cell along connective tissue networks
- D. May supply the T cell with activation Signal 1
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the meeting of naïve T cells and dendritic cells is not facilitated by the presence of naïve B cells. Naïve T cells interact with dendritic cells in the paracortex of lymph nodes, not with naïve B cells. The movement of T cells along connective tissue networks aids in their interaction with dendritic cells, and this interaction may supply the T cell with activation Signal 1, which is essential for T cell activation. Overall, the incorrect choices (B, C, and D) are actually true statements regarding the meeting of naïve T cells and dendritic cells, making them incorrect options.