Nokea
Which of the following conditions is the result of a ruptured cerebral blood vessel and the release of blood into the brain tissue?
- A. Ischemic stroke
- B. Transient ischemic attack
- C. Cerebral aneurysm
- D. Hemorrhagic stroke
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemorrhagic stroke involves bleeding into the brain tissue.
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Which of the following would the nurse assess first when Joe arrives in the emergency room?
- A. Movement of fingers
- B. Pain sensation in legs
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Temperature sensation in arms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory function is prioritized in spinal injuries.
The patient with multiple sclerosis tells the nursing assistant that after physical therapy she is too tired to take a bath. What is your priority nursing diagnosis at this time?
- A. Fatigue related to disease state
- B. Activity Intolerance due to generalized weakness
- C. Impaired Physical Mobility related to neuromuscular impairment
- D. Self-care Deficit related to fatigue and neuromuscular weakness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom in MS and is directly indicated by the patient's statement.
The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycle is the:
- A. thalamus
- B. reticular activating system (RAS)
- C. pineal gland
- D. limbic system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The reticular activating system (RAS) in the brain stem regulates consciousness and the sleep-wake cycle. The thalamus, pineal gland, limbic system, and cerebellum have different functions. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?
- A. acetylcholine
- B. serotonin
- C. dopamine
- D. acetylcholinesterase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This breakdown is essential for terminating the signal and preventing continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron. Acetylcholinesterase ensures that acetylcholine's effects are short-lived and precisely regulated, allowing for controlled neural communication. Dysfunction of this enzyme can lead to neurological disorders.
True statements about EOG (electro-oculogram) include:
- A. the EOG light-peak to dark-trough ratio is reduced in central retinal vein occlusion
- B. the light peak of EOG is abnormal in Best's disease
- C. the EOG light rise is produced by depolarization of the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The EOG light-peak to dark-trough ratio is reduced in retinal vein occlusion, the light peak is abnormal in Best's disease, and the light rise is due to RPE depolarization. All statements are true.