Genitourinary System Quizlet

Genitourinary System Quizlet Related

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Which of the following diuretics than can cause gynecomastia, hirsutism and menstrual disturbances as adverse reactions?

  • A. Hydrochlorothiazide
  • B. Bumetanide
  • C. Acetazolamide
  • D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts as an aldosterone antagonist.
2. Aldosterone antagonism can lead to anti-androgenic effects, causing gynecomastia and hirsutism in males and menstrual disturbances in females.
3. Hydrochlorothiazide (A) is a thiazide diuretic known for electrolyte imbalances, not these specific side effects.
4. Bumetanide (B) is a loop diuretic that primarily affects electrolytes, not causing hormonal side effects.
5. Acetazolamide (C) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, usually associated with metabolic acidosis, not hormonal disturbances.

Summary:
Spironolactone (D) is the correct answer due to its aldosterone antagonist properties causing hormonal side effects. The other choices do not have the same mechanism of action and are not associated with gynecomastia,

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Dipstick testing of an older adult patients urine indicates the presence of protein. Which of the following statements is true of this assessment finding?

  • A. This finding needs to be considered in light of other forms of testing.
  • B. This finding is a risk factor for urinary incontinenc
  • D. This finding is likely the result of an ag
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Protein in urine can indicate renal issues, so further testing like urine protein/creatinine ratio is needed.
2. Proteinuria doesn't directly relate to urinary incontinence.
3. The finding is not related to age or gender, ruling out options B and D.
4. Option A is correct as it emphasizes the need for additional testing to confirm the presence and significance of protein in urine.

Which of the following drug which directly inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase * without the need for intracellular activation by phosphorylation:

  • A. Nelnavir
  • B. Nevirapine
  • C. Stavudine
  • D. Didanosine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nevirapine. Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that directly inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase without needing intracellular activation. It binds directly to the enzyme's active site, preventing the conversion of viral RNA to DNA.

Rationale:
1. Nelnavir (A) is a protease inhibitor that works by blocking the protease enzyme needed for viral replication, not reverse transcriptase inhibition.
2. Stavudine (C) and Didanosine (D) are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) that require intracellular phosphorylation to become active, unlike Nevirapine.

In summary, Nevirapine is the correct answer as it directly inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase without needing intracellular activation, distinguishing it from the other choices which belong to different drug classes or require intracellular phosphorylation.

A patient with a recent history of nephrolithiasis has

  • A. After determining that the patients
  • B. Irrigate the ileal conduit with a dilute citric acid
  • D. IV fluid administration
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: IV fluid administration. This is the most appropriate choice for a patient with nephrolithiasis as it helps to increase urine volume and dilute the concentration of minerals in the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Adequate hydration is crucial in preventing the recurrence of kidney stones. Choice A is incomplete and does not offer a specific intervention for nephrolithiasis. Choice B is unnecessary and could potentially cause harm by altering the pH of the urine. Choice C is blank and does not provide any relevant information for managing nephrolithiasis.

The nurse plans care for the patient with APSGN based on what knowledge?

  • A. [choice A]
  • B. [choice B]
  • C. [choice C]
  • D. [choice D]
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because APSGN (Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis) is caused by an immune response to a streptococcal infection. Therefore, the nurse must understand the pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, treatment, and potential complications associated with APSGN to provide effective care. Choice A, B, and C may not directly address the specific knowledge needed to care for a patient with APSGN, making them incorrect options.

The most frequent side effect of oral ampicillin is : *

  • A. Nausea and vomiting
  • B. Loose bowel movements
  • C. Constipation
  • D. Urticaria
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nausea and vomiting. Oral ampicillin commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting due to its impact on the gut flora. This side effect is a result of the antibiotic's mechanism of action and is well-documented in clinical practice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as loose bowel movements, constipation, and urticaria are not typically associated with oral ampicillin use.

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