Nokea
Which of the following drugs is associated with extreme photosensitivity as a reaction?
- A. Digitalis
- B. Niacin
- C. Tetracycline
- D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tetracycline. Tetracycline is associated with extreme photosensitivity due to its mechanism of action causing phototoxic reactions when exposed to sunlight. Digitalis (A) is a cardiac medication, niacin (B) is a B vitamin, and fluoroquinolones (D) are antibiotics, none of which are known to cause extreme photosensitivity reactions.
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A drug ending in the suffix (navir) is considered a ______.
- A. Antidepressant
- B. Protease inhibitor
- C. Beta antagonist
- D. H antagonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protease inhibitor. Drugs ending in the suffix (navir) are commonly used to inhibit protease enzymes in viruses, particularly in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Protease inhibitors disrupt viral replication by preventing the cleavage of viral proteins, thus inhibiting the production of new infectious viral particles.
Choice A, Antidepressant, is incorrect as drugs used to treat depression usually end in (ine) or (pram).
Choice C, Beta antagonist, is incorrect as drugs affecting beta receptors typically end in (olol) or (lol).
Choice D, H antagonist, is incorrect as drugs targeting histamine receptors usually end in (ine) or (idine).
Which of the following conditions are not treated with opioid analgesics like dextromethorphan and methadone?
- A. Pulmonary Edema
- B. Cough suppression
- C. Sedation
- D. Pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sedation. Opioid analgesics like dextromethorphan and methadone are primarily used for pain management, not sedation. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain to reduce pain perception. Pulmonary edema can be managed with diuretics, cough suppression with antitussives, and sedation with sedatives/hypnotics. Therefore, sedation is not a condition typically treated with opioid analgesics.
Which of the following is not a side effect of loop diuretics?
- A. Alkalosis
- B. Nausea
- C. Hypotension
- D. Potassium deficits
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nausea. Loop diuretics like furosemide work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This mechanism can lead to electrolyte imbalances, such as potassium deficits (choice D), and volume depletion, resulting in hypotension (choice C). Loop diuretics can also cause metabolic alkalosis (choice A) due to loss of hydrogen ions. Nausea, however, is not a common side effect of loop diuretics. Therefore, choice B is not a side effect of loop diuretics, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of Cinchonism?
- A. Valproic acid
- B. Quinidine
- C. Isoniazid
- D. Ethosuximide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quinidine. Cinchonism is a condition caused by the toxicity of Cinchona alkaloids, which are found in drugs like quinine and quinidine. Quinidine is specifically known to cause symptoms of cinchonism such as tinnitus, headache, blurred vision, and nausea. Valproic acid (choice A) is an anticonvulsant, not associated with cinchonism. Isoniazid (choice C) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and does not cause cinchonism. Ethosuximide (choice D) is an anticonvulsant used to treat absence seizures and is not linked to cinchonism.
Which of the following conditions is not treated with Dexamethasone?
- A. Inflammation
- B. Asthma
- C. Addison's disease
- D. Wilson's disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Explanation: Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used to treat inflammation and conditions like asthma and Addison's disease, which involve inflammation or immune responses. Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder related to copper metabolism, not treated with Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone could worsen Wilson's disease due to its potential impact on copper levels.