Genitourinary System Diseases

Genitourinary System Diseases Related

Review Genitourinary System Diseases related questions and content

Which of the following drug/(s) that is /are used to treat chronic hepatitis B? *

  • A. Lamivudine
  • B. Human interferon α
  • C. Amantadine
  • D. (
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why A (Lamivudine) is correct:
1. Lamivudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat chronic hepatitis B.
2. It inhibits the replication of the hepatitis B virus, reducing viral load and liver damage.
3. Clinical studies have shown its efficacy in improving liver function and reducing the risk of cirrhosis.
4. Lamivudine is recommended as a first-line treatment option by major medical guidelines.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. Human interferon α: While interferon therapy was previously used, it is no longer recommended as a first-line treatment due to its side effects and lower efficacy compared to newer drugs.
C. Amantadine: Amantadine is not recommended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B as it is not effective against the hepatitis B virus.
D. (: This is not a valid drug option for treating chronic hepatitis B.

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The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone

  • A. Empty the drainage bag at least every 8 hours. creation of a urinary diversion. Forty-eight hours
  • B. Irrigate the catheter every 8 hours with normal saline postoperatively, the nurses assessment reveals that the stoma is a dark purplish color. What is the nurses most
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because it presents the only complete and coherent statement. The other options are incomplete or irrelevant, providing incorrect instructions for postoperative care. Emptying a drainage bag, irrigating a catheter, or assessing stoma color are not directly related to caring for a patient after urinary diversion surgery. Therefore, choice C is the most appropriate answer based on the context of postoperative care.

Which of the following is the correct order of structures that transport urine from the collecting ducts to the urethra?

  • A. Collecting ducts, Minor calyces, Major calyces, Renal pelvis, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra
  • B. Collecting ducts, Minor calyces, Major calyces, Renal pelvis, Urinary bladder, Ureter, Urethra
  • C. Collecting ducts, Major calyces, Minor Calyces, Renal pelvis, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra
  • D. Collecting ducts, Renal pelvis, Minor calyces, Major calyces, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of structures that transport urine is from the collecting ducts to the urethra is A: Collecting ducts, Minor calyces, Major calyces, Renal pelvis, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra. This is the correct order because urine is first collected in the collecting ducts in the nephrons, then flows into the minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and finally, the urethra for elimination. The other choices are incorrect because they either reverse the order of the structures or place them in a different sequence than the actual physiological process of urine transport in the urinary system.

Which of the following organism is notorious for developing antimicrobial resistance rapidly?:

  • A. Streptococcus pyogenes
  • B. Meningococcus
  • C. Treponema pallidum
  • D. Escherichia coli
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Escherichia coli. E. coli is notorious for developing antimicrobial resistance rapidly due to its ability to acquire resistance genes through plasmid exchange and mutation. This bacterium is commonly found in the gut of humans and animals, leading to frequent exposure to antibiotics. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are less likely to develop resistance as rapidly as E. coli due to their lower frequency of exposure to antibiotics and differences in genetic makeup. Streptococcus pyogenes is susceptible to penicillin, Meningococcus has shown susceptibility to several antibiotics, and Treponema pallidum has limited exposure to antibiotics due to its unique nature as the causative agent of syphilis.

The main regulator of water reabsorption is

  • A. renin
  • B. angiotensin
  • C. antidiuretic hormone
  • D. aldosterone
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing permeability of the collecting ducts to water. This allows for reabsorption of more water back into the bloodstream, reducing urine output and maintaining water balance. Renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone are involved in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance, not specifically water reabsorption. Therefore, ADH is the main regulator of water reabsorption in the body.

What indicates to the nurse that a patient with AKI is in the recovery phase?

  • A. A return to normal weight
  • B. A urine output of 3700 mL/day
  • C. Decreasing sodium and potassium levels
  • D. Decreasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. A urine output of 3700 mL/day indicates improved kidney function.
2. Increased urine output signifies the kidneys are able to filter and excrete waste.
3. High urine output is a positive sign of recovery in AKI patients.
4. Monitoring urine output is crucial in assessing kidney function.
5. Return to normal weight (choice A) may not directly indicate kidney recovery.
6. Decreasing sodium and potassium levels (choice C) can be due to other factors.
7. Decreasing BUN and creatinine levels (choice D) are important but do not directly indicate the recovery phase in AKI patients.

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