Nokea
Which of the following glucocorticosteroids are used for cerebral oedema:
- A. Triamcinolon
- B. Prednisolon
- C. Prednison
- D. Dexamethasone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dexamethasone is preferred for cerebral edema due to its potent anti-inflammatory effects and minimal mineralocorticoid activity.
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Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6 year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?
- A. Milk
- B. Water
- C. Apple juice
- D. Orange juice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
The student nurse asks the instructor why a patient with a central nervous system infection is receiving antibiotics that will not cross the blood-brain barrier. What is the instructor's most correct response?
- A. A severe infection alters the blood-brain barrier to allow the drug to cross.
- B. A medication that is water soluble is more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier.
- C. Antibiotics are the exception to the blood-brain barrier and cross easily.
- D. An infection that spreads outside the central nervous system helps drugs cross the barrier.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Effective antibiotic treatment can occur only when the infection is severe enough to alter the blood-brain barrier and allow antibiotics to cross. Lipid-soluble, not water-soluble, medications cross the blood-brain barrier more easily and most antibiotics are lipid soluble, so they are not the exception. No matter where the infection originates, drugs must cross the blood-brain barrier to treat central nervous system infections.
A community health nurse visits a client at home. Prednisone 10 mg orally daily has been prescribed for the client and the nurse reinforces teaching for the client about the medication. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates that further teaching is necessary?
- A. I can take aspirin or my antihistamine if I need it.'
- B. I need to take the medication every day at the same time.'
- C. I need to avoid coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate in my diet.'
- D. If I gain more than 5 pounds a week, I will call my doctor.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin and other over-the-counter medications should not be taken unless the client consults with the health care provider (HCP). The client needs to take the medication at the same time every day and should be instructed not to stop the medication. A slight weight gain as a result of an improved appetite is expected, but after the dosage is stabilized, a weight gain of 5 lb or more weekly should be reported to the HCP. Caffeine-containing foods and fluids need to be avoided because they may contribute to steroid-ulcer development.
Jamie has fractured his ankle and has received a prescription for acetaminophen and hydrocodone (Vicodin). Education when prescribing Vicodin includes:
- A. It is okay to double the dose of Vicodin if the pain is severe
- B. Vicodin is not habit-forming
- C. He should not take any other acetaminophen-containing medications
- D. Vicodin may cause diarrhea; increase his fluid intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding extra acetaminophen prevents overdose; Vicodin is habit-forming , and constipation, not diarrhea , is common.
In today's healthcare environment there is often more contact between the patient and the nurse than between the patient and the physician. What does this make the nurse in the best position to do?
- A. Assess the patient's inability to document medication taken
- B. Assess the patient's inability to communicate with caregivers
- C. Assess the therapeutic success of the drug therapy
- D. Assess the patient's reluctance to purchase the prescribed drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Frequent contact positions nurses to evaluate drug therapy success through direct observation and patient feedback.