Nokea
Which of the following has a stimulative effect on adrenal glands:
- A. Gonadotropins
- B. Thyrotropic hormone
- C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- D. Melanocyt stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other steroids.
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A patient with asthma has been using a nicotine transdermal 24-hour patch for 3 weeks to quit smoking. The patient reports having difficulty sleeping. What action will the nurse take?
- A. Ask the provider for a prescription for Nicotrol NS
- B. Recommend removing the patch at bedtime
- C. Suggest using an 18-hour patch instead
- D. Tell the patient to stop the patch and join a support group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An 18-hour patch reduces sleep disruption while aiding cessation; Nicotrol is risky with asthma. The patient should try an 18-hour patch to help with sleep.
Which of the following statements best defines how a chemical becomes a drug?
- A. A chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug.
- B. A chemical becomes a drug when it is introduced into the body to cause a change.
- C. A chemical is considered a drug when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves its release to be marketed.
- D. A chemical must have demonstrated therapeutic value to become a drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A chemical must undergo a series of tests to determine its therapeutic value and efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties before it is termed a drug. Test results are reported to the FDA, which may or may not give approval.
Monitoring for a patient being prescribed iron for iron deficiency anemia includes:
- A. Reticulocyte count 1 week after therapy is started
- B. Complete blood count every 2 weeks throughout therapy
- C. Hemoglobin level at 1 week of therapy
- D. INR weekly throughout therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reticulocyte count at 1 week assesses iron therapy response; CBC or hemoglobin checks are later, and INR is irrelevant.
Besides osteoporosis, IV bisphosphonates are also indicated for:
- A. Paget's Disease
- B. Early osteopenia
- C. Renal cancer
- D. Early closure of cranial sutures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV bisphosphonates treat Paget's disease by reducing bone turnover; osteopenia uses oral forms typically.
The major factor in terminating the action of ethanol is
- A. Biotransformation
- B. Excretion through lungs
- C. Excretion unchanged in urine
- D. Excretion in feces
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethanol is primarily metabolized by the liver (biotransformation) via alcohol dehydrogenase.