Nokea
Which of the following interventions is recommended for managing a patient with a suspected opioid overdose?
- A. Administering naloxone intravenously.
- B. Providing respiratory support with bag-valve-mask ventilation.
- C. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids rapidly.
- D. Administering benzodiazepines for sedation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose by binding to opioid receptors and displacing the opioids. Administering naloxone intravenously is the recommended intervention for managing a patient with a suspected opioid overdose as it can quickly reverse respiratory depression, sedation, and other effects of opioids. This intervention can be life-saving in cases of opioid overdose and is a critical step in the management of such patients. Providing respiratory support with bag-valve-mask ventilation may be necessary in addition to naloxone administration to ensure adequate oxygenation, but naloxone remains the primary intervention to reverse the effects of opioids. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids rapidly or administering benzodiazepines for sedation are not recommended interventions for managing a suspected opioid overdose.
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In order for Nurse Cris to facilitate the recognition of the community the existence of their health problems, which nursing action would yield BETTER results?
- A. Asks the barangay head to make the report
- B. Set the ground rule that presence of problem is valid
- C. Allows people's participation to confirm the health problems.
- D. Acts as an expert to communicate to residents.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allowing people's participation to confirm the health problems would yield better results in facilitating the recognition of the community's health issues. By involving the community members themselves in the process of identifying and acknowledging their health problems, there is a higher likelihood of garnering accurate and relevant information. This participatory approach fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment among the community members, making them more likely to actively engage in addressing the identified health concerns. Additionally, community participation can help build trust between the nurse and the residents, leading to more effective communication and collaboration in improving overall health outcomes.
The patient asks you about goiter. You describe this disorder as ___________-.
- A. A condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone
- B. The enlargement of the thyroid gland and usually caused by an iodine-deficient diet
- C. None of the choices
- D. Inflammation of the thyroid gland that may lead to chronic hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Goiter is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The most common cause of goiter worldwide is iodine deficiency, which is required for the production of thyroid hormones. When there is insufficient iodine intake, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to produce more hormones, leading to the development of goiter. While other factors can also contribute to the development of goiter, such as autoimmune diseases and certain medications, the primary cause associated with the condition is an iodine-deficient diet.
A patient with a history of angina pectoris is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for chest pain relief. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient regarding nitroglycerin administration?
- A. Swallow the tablet whole with water.
- B. Chew the tablet before swallowing.
- C. Place the tablet under the tongue until it dissolves.
- D. Apply the tablet to the skin over the chest area.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are meant to be dissolved under the tongue to allow for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. Placing the tablet under the tongue helps to bypass the first-pass metabolism in the liver, leading to a quicker onset of action and chest pain relief. Chewing, swallowing, or applying the tablet to the skin will result in decreased effectiveness or delayed onset of action. Therefore, it is important for the patient to be instructed to place the nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve for optimal therapeutic benefit.
A nurse is preparing to perform an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring procedure for a patient with traumatic brain injury. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural accuracy?
- A. Ensuring proper zeroing and calibration of the ICP monitoring system
- B. Positioning the patient in a high-Fowler's position during the procedure
- C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
- D. Placing the ICP monitor in the subarachnoid space via lumbar puncture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize ensuring proper zeroing and calibration of the ICP monitoring system to ensure procedural accuracy and reliability of the measurements obtained. Proper zeroing involves setting the transducer at the level of the patient's external auditory meatus (ear), which serves as a reference point for accurate ICP readings. Calibration is necessary to establish accurate pressure measurements. Incorrect zeroing or calibration can lead to inaccurate ICP readings, which can impact clinical decision-making for patients with traumatic brain injury. Positioning the patient in a high-Fowler's position, administering prophylactic antibiotics, or placing the ICP monitor in the subarachnoid space via lumbar puncture are not directly related to ensuring the accuracy of the ICP monitoring procedure.
A patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea after consuming contaminated water from a stream during a camping trip. Laboratory tests reveal oocysts in the stool sample. Which of the following parasites is most likely responsible for this infection?
- A. Giardia lamblia
- B. Entamoeba histolytica
- C. Cryptosporidium parvum
- D. Cyclospora cayetanensis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite often found in contaminated water sources. This parasite is known to cause watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea in infected individuals. The presence of oocysts in the stool sample is characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection. Other parasitic infections may present with similar symptoms, but in this case, the most likely culprit based on the exposure history and laboratory findings is Cryptosporidium parvum.