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Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Binge eating followed by purging.
- B. Refusal to maintain a healthy weight and an intense fear of gaining weight.
- C. Frequent overeating episodes without purging behaviors.
- D. Extreme preoccupation with body image and excessive exercise.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because anorexia nervosa involves a refusal to maintain a healthy weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. This disorder is characterized by restrictive eating habits leading to significant weight loss. Individuals with anorexia nervosa often perceive themselves as overweight despite being underweight. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe characteristics more closely associated with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and orthorexia, respectively. Binge eating followed by purging (A) is a behavior seen in bulimia nervosa, frequent overeating episodes without purging (C) is typical of binge eating disorder, and extreme preoccupation with body image and excessive exercise (D) may be seen in orthorexia or other eating disorders, but not specifically in anorexia nervosa.
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The most severe psychological disorder is a(n)
- A. personality disorder
- B. psychosomatic illness
- C. anxiety disorder
- D. psychosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Psychosis, involving severe reality distortion, is considered the most debilitating class of disorders.
A newly admitted client has the diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia. The nurse would expect to assess:
- A. Psychomotor symptoms
- B. Intense suspiciousness
- C. Inappropriate affect
- D. Clanging communication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Psychomotor symptoms are characteristic of catatonic schizophrenia, such as stupor or excessive motor activity.
B: Intense suspiciousness is more indicative of paranoid schizophrenia, not catatonic schizophrenia.
C: Inappropriate affect is a symptom seen in other types of schizophrenia but not specific to catatonic schizophrenia.
D: Clanging communication is associated with disorganized schizophrenia, not catatonic schizophrenia.
In catatonic schizophrenia, psychomotor symptoms like stupor, rigidity, or excitement are prominent.
A patient referred to the eating disorders clinic lost 35 pounds over 3 months. To assess eating patterns, the nurse should ask:
- A. Do you often feel fat?
- B. Who plans the family meals?
- C. What do you eat in a typical day?
- D. What do you think about your present weight?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because it directly addresses the assessment of eating patterns by inquiring about the patient's actual food intake. This question provides valuable information on the quantity and quality of food consumed, aiding in diagnosing and treating eating disorders.
Other choices are incorrect:
A is focused on body image and self-perception, not eating patterns.
B is about family dynamics, not the patient's individual eating habits.
D pertains to body weight perception, not the specifics of the patient's diet.
A psychiatric technician asks the nurse to explain the difference between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. The information that should serve as the basis for the nurse's response is the fact that with schizotypal personality disorder:
- A. There is greater personality disorganization than in schizophrenia
- B. There may be misinterpretation of events but not psychosis
- C. The client will be sicker and require longer hospitalization
- D. The client will be more outgoing, actively seeking interactions with others
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: There may be misinterpretation of events but not psychosis. In schizotypal personality disorder, individuals may have odd beliefs, behaviors, and experiences, leading to misinterpretation of events, but they do not typically experience full-blown psychosis as seen in schizophrenia. This is a key distinction between the two disorders. Choice A is incorrect because schizophrenia is characterized by more severe disorganization of thoughts and behaviors. Choice C is incorrect as individuals with schizotypal personality disorder typically do not require long hospitalizations compared to those with schizophrenia. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with schizotypal personality disorder tend to be more socially isolated and have difficulty forming close relationships.
A 35-year-old woman who is being interviewed by the advanced practice nurse indicates that she has few friends, fears criticism from others, and withholds information about her thoughts and feelings because she anticipates a negative reaction. Based on these data, the nurse suspects that Sarah may later be diagnosed as having:
- A. Borderline personality disorder
- B. Histrionic personality disorder
- C. Avoidant personality disorder
- D. Schizoid personality disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoidant personality disorder. This is because the woman's fear of criticism, reluctance to share thoughts and feelings, and limited social interactions are characteristic of avoidant personality disorder. Individuals with this disorder have intense feelings of inadequacy, fear of rejection, and avoid situations where they may be criticized or judged.
Choice A: Borderline personality disorder is not the correct answer because individuals with borderline personality disorder typically have unstable relationships, impulsivity, and a fear of abandonment.
Choice B: Histrionic personality disorder is not the correct answer as individuals with this disorder seek attention and exhibit dramatic and attention-seeking behavior, which is not indicated in the scenario.
Choice D: Schizoid personality disorder is not the correct answer as individuals with this disorder tend to have a limited range of emotional expression and lack interest in forming social relationships, which does not align with the woman's fear of criticism and desire to avoid negative reactions.