Nokea
Which of the following is a major site of nutrient absorption?
- A. duodenum
- B. jejunum
- C. ileum
- D. colon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: jejunum. The jejunum is a major site of nutrient absorption in the small intestine due to its extensive surface area and presence of villi and microvilli that facilitate absorption of nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The duodenum primarily functions in digestion, the ileum mainly absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts, and the colon absorbs water and electrolytes. Therefore, the jejunum is the correct choice for being a major site of nutrient absorption.
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Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine?
- A. digestion of fats
- B. digestion of carbohydrates
- C. absorption of nutrients
- D. storage of bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. It has specialized structures like villi and microvilli to maximize absorption surface area. Choice A is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in digesting fats, it is not its primary function. Choice B is incorrect because the digestion of carbohydrates primarily occurs in the mouth and stomach. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine does not store bile, but rather receives it from the liver and gallbladder to aid in digestion.
Identify one nursing intervention indicated for each of the following desired outcomes of tube feeding.
- A. Prevention of aspiration
- B. Prevention of diarrhea
- C. Maintenance of tube patency
- D. Maintenance of tube placement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of aspiration. This is essential in tube feeding to avoid the risk of food or liquid entering the lungs, causing aspiration pneumonia. Nursing interventions for this include ensuring proper positioning during and after feeding, checking residual volumes before each feeding, and using the appropriate tube size and placement.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Prevention of diarrhea - Diarrhea is not directly related to tube feeding complications, but rather to factors such as infection, medication side effects, or underlying conditions.
C: Maintenance of tube patency - While important, this focuses on ensuring the tube remains clear and functional, not directly related to preventing aspiration.
D: Maintenance of tube placement - Ensuring proper tube placement is crucial for effective feeding but does not directly address the risk of aspiration.
In planning the post-operative care for a morbidly obese client, how can the expertise of the LPN/LVN best be applied?
- A. Obtain an oversized blood pressure cuff and a large-size bed.
- B. Set up a reinforced trapeze bar.
- C. Assist in the planning of bathing, turning, and ambulation.
- D. Design alternatives for routine tasks such as daily weights.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because LPN/LVNs can assist in planning bathing, turning, and ambulation for a morbidly obese client. This is crucial in preventing complications such as pressure ulcers, deep vein thrombosis, and respiratory issues. LPN/LVNs can provide physical support and guidance to ensure the client's safety and comfort during these activities.
Choice A is incorrect because obtaining oversized equipment is not the primary role of LPN/LVNs. Choice B is also incorrect as setting up a reinforced trapeze bar is more of a facility management task. Choice D is incorrect as designing alternatives for routine tasks is not within the scope of practice for LPN/LVNs.
A nurse is providing instructions for a 52-year-old client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy. The client reports that he has not had the procedure before and is very anxious about feeling pain during the procedure. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Don't worry; most clients dislike the prep more than the procedure itself.'
- B. Before the examination, your provider will give you a sedative that will make you sleepy.'
- C. I know you're anxious, but this procedure is recommended for people your age.'
- D. After you have signed the consent form, we can talk more about this.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Providing a sedative before the colonoscopy is appropriate as it helps reduce anxiety and discomfort during the procedure.
Step 2: Sedatives induce relaxation and drowsiness, making the client feel sleepy and less likely to experience pain.
Step 3: Addressing the client's anxiety by mentioning the sedative shows empathy and reassurance.
Step 4: This option focuses on addressing the client's concern about pain during the procedure effectively.
Summary:
- Option A dismisses the client's concerns and does not provide a solution.
- Option C acknowledges the anxiety but does not offer a specific solution.
- Option D delays addressing the client's anxiety without providing immediate reassurance or information.
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
- A. absorbing nutrients
- B. absorbing water and electrolytes
- C. digesting proteins
- D. secreting digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residue passed from the small intestine. This absorption process helps in forming solid waste (feces) and maintaining body fluid balance. Absorbing nutrients (Option A) primarily occurs in the small intestine. Digesting proteins (Option C) mainly takes place in the stomach and small intestine. The secretion of digestive enzymes (Option D) also primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not in the large intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is B.