Nokea
The lips are lined by ______ epithelium.
- A. moist stratified squamous
- B. dry stratified squamous
- C. simple columnar
- D. pseudostratified columnar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: moist stratified squamous epithelium. The lips require a moist lining to prevent dehydration and facilitate movement. Stratified squamous epithelium is ideal for areas subjected to wear and tear, like the lips. The stratified nature provides protection, while the squamous cells allow flexibility and ease of movement. The moist aspect is crucial to maintain hydration and prevent drying out.
Summary:
- Choice B (dry stratified squamous) is incorrect because the lips need a moist lining.
- Choice C (simple columnar) is incorrect because columnar epithelium is not typically found on the lips.
- Choice D (pseudostratified columnar) is incorrect as it is not the most suitable type of epithelium for the lips' functions.
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What condition should the nurse anticipate when caring for a patient with a history of a total gastrectomy?
- A. Constipation
- B. Dehydration
- C. Elevated total serum cholesterol
- D. Cobalamin (vitamin B ) deficiency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. After a total gastrectomy, the patient lacks the intrinsic factor needed for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum, leading to deficiency. This can result in megaloblastic anemia, neurological symptoms, and fatigue.
A: Constipation is not typically associated with total gastrectomy.
B: Dehydration may occur postoperatively but is not a specific consequence of total gastrectomy.
C: Elevated total serum cholesterol is not a direct effect of total gastrectomy.
A 25-yr-old male patient calls the clinic reporting diarrhea for 24 hours. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Inform the patient that testing of blood and stools will be neede
- C. Suggest that the patient drink clear liquid fluids with electrolytes.
- D. Ask the patient to describe the stools and any associated symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to describe the stools and associated symptoms helps the nurse gather important information for assessment. Understanding the frequency, consistency, color, and presence of blood in the stools can help determine the severity and potential causes of diarrhea. This information guides the nurse in deciding the appropriate next steps for care. Option A is incorrect as testing should be based on assessment findings. Option C is premature without assessing the patient first. Option B lacks relevance to the assessment process.
Bile facilitates digestion by causing the _____ of fats.
- A. hydrolysis
- B. digestion
- C. catalysis
- D. emulsification
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bile facilitates digestion by emulsifying fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for better absorption. Emulsification increases the surface area of fats for enzymes to work on. Hydrolysis (A) is the breakdown of molecules by adding water, not specific to fats. Digestion (B) is a general term encompassing all processes, not specific to fats. Catalysis (C) refers to the process of speeding up chemical reactions but doesn't specifically relate to fats like emulsification does.
An 82-year-old man is admitted with an acute attack of diverticulitis. What should the nurse include in his care?
- A. Monitor for signs of peritonitis.
- B. Treat with daily medicated enemas.
- C. Prepare for surgery to resect the involved colon.
- D. Provide a heating pad to apply to the left lower quadrant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor for signs of peritonitis. Peritonitis is a serious complication of diverticulitis that can result from a rupture of inflamed diverticula leading to abdominal infection. Monitoring for signs such as severe abdominal pain, rigidity, and fever is crucial for early detection and prompt intervention. Option B is incorrect as daily medicated enemas are not the standard treatment for diverticulitis. Option C is also incorrect as surgery is usually reserved for complicated cases or recurrent attacks. Option D is incorrect because applying a heating pad may exacerbate inflammation and is not recommended in diverticulitis management.
When assessing a client for acute pancreatitis, which of the following symptoms will the nurse observe?
- A. Increased thirst and urination
- B. Hypertension and nausea
- C. Rapid breathing and pulse rate
- D. Frothy, foul-smelling stools
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rapid breathing and pulse rate. In acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas can lead to systemic complications, including respiratory distress and tachycardia. This occurs due to the release of inflammatory mediators affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Increased thirst and urination (Choice A) are more indicative of diabetes or renal issues. Hypertension and nausea (Choice B) are not typical symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Frothy, foul-smelling stools (Choice D) are more likely linked to malabsorption disorders rather than acute pancreatitis. Rapid breathing and pulse rate are key signs that indicate the severity of the condition and the need for prompt intervention.