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Which of the following is a potential cause of female infertility?
- A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- B. Endometriosis
- C. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Female infertility can be caused by PCOS, endometriosis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
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Which of the following is a professional standard for nursing practice in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Education and lifelong learning
- B. Research and scholarship
- C. Collaboration
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Professional standards include education, research, and collaboration.
A nurse is reviewing the prescriptions for a client who is pregnant and is taking digoxin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to best evaluate the client’s medication adherence?
- A. Ask the client if they are taking the medication as prescribed.
- B. Assess the client’s kidney function.
- C. Determine the client’s apical pulse rate.
- D. Check the client’s serum medication level.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the client’s serum medication level. This is the best action to evaluate medication adherence for digoxin in a pregnant client. Serum medication levels provide an objective measure of how much of the drug is present in the body, indicating if the client is taking the medication as prescribed. Asking the client directly (choice A) may not always yield accurate information. Assessing kidney function (choice B) is important for monitoring potential side effects of digoxin but does not directly assess medication adherence. Determining the apical pulse rate (choice C) is important for monitoring digoxin therapy but does not evaluate medication adherence.
A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive oxytocin to augment their labor. Which of the following findings contraindicates the initiation of the oxytocin infusion and should be reported to the provider?
- A. Late decelerations.
- B. Moderate variability of the FHR.
- C. Cessation of uterine dilation.
- D. Prolonged active phase of labor.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Late decelerations in the fetal heart rate are a sign of fetal distress and contraindicate the use of oxytocin, as it can exacerbate the distress.
A nurse is teaching a new parent about breastfeeding her 2-week-old infant. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. After 5 to 10 minutes when the breast is emptied, my baby should be removed from the breast.
- B. Manually expressing my milk will decrease my milk supply.
- C. My baby should always start on the same breast when feeding.
- D. The more my baby is at the breast sucking, the more milk I will produce.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent breastfeeding stimulates milk production. Manually expressing milk does not decrease supply, and the baby should alternate breasts during feedings.
Which of the following is a potential legal issue related to maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Informed consent
- B. Medical malpractice
- C. Abandonment
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. In maternal and newborn healthcare, potential legal issues include informed consent, where patients must be fully informed before medical procedures. Medical malpractice can occur if healthcare providers fail to meet the standard of care. Abandonment is a legal issue if healthcare providers neglect patients after agreeing to provide care. Choosing D is correct because all the mentioned issues are relevant to maternal and newborn healthcare legal concerns.