Nokea
Which of the following is an advantage of sublingual administration?
- A. Rapid absorption
- B. Convenient
- C. Avoid harsh GI environment
- D. Avoid first pass-metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sublingual administration offers rapid absorption , convenience , avoids the GI tract , and bypasses first-pass metabolism ; all are true, but D is a key pharmacological advantage.
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A nurse has administered an opioid drug to a patient. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to do immediately after administering the drug?
- A. Monitoring the vital signs of the patient
- B. Documenting administration of the drug
- C. Informing the patient about the type of drug
- D. Updating the physician regarding the patient's condition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After administration of any drug, the nurse should immediately document the administration. After the documentation is complete, the nurse can record the patient's vital signs. The patient needs to be informed about the drug before the administration. The physician need not be immediately informed, unless the client develops severe adverse reactions.
Henry presents to clinic with a significantly swollen, painful great toe and is diagnosed with gout. Of the following, which would be the best treatment for Henry?
- A. High-dose colchicine
- B. Low-dose colchicine
- C. High-dose aspirin
- D. Acetaminophen with codeine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low-dose colchicine effectively treats acute gout with fewer side effects than high-dose ; aspirin worsens gout.
First dose phenomenon is a characteristic side effect on initiation of antihypertensive therapy with
- A. Minoxidil
- B. Clonidine
- C. Metroprolol
- D. Prazosin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clonidine can cause sedation or hypotension after the first dose.
NSAIDs should be avoided in which group(s) of patients?
- A. Kidney disease
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Irritable bowel syndrome
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NSAIDs can worsen kidney function, increase cardiovascular risk, and exacerbate GI conditions, making them risky for all listed groups.
Behaviors predictive of addiction to controlled substances include:
- A. Stealing or borrowing another patient's drugs
- B. Requiring increasing doses of opiates for pain associated with malignancy
- C. Receiving refills of a Schedule II prescription on a regular basis
- D. Requesting that only their own primary care provider prescribe for them
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stealing/borrowing drugs strongly predicts addiction, unlike cancer-related dose increases or regular refills/provider preference , which may be legitimate.