Nokea
Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?
- A. Dopamine
- B. GABA
- C. Norepinephrine
- D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and has been found to modulate other neurotransmitter systems rather than to provide a direct stimulus. Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are excitatory neurotransmitters.
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Which of the following is a term used to describe the occurrence of the eye rolling back in a locked position, which occurs with acute dystonia?
- A. Opisthotonus
- B. Oculogyric crisis
- C. Torticollis
- D. Pseudoparkinsonism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oculogyric crisis is the term for the eye rolling back in a locked position, a manifestation of acute dystonia.
A patient with depression has been taking paroxetine (Paxil) for the last 3 months and has noticed improvement of symptoms. Which of the following side effects would the nurse expect the patient to report?
- A. A headache after eating wine and cheese
- B. A decrease in sexual pleasure during intimacy
- C. An intense need to move about
- D. Persistent runny nose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of SSRIs like paroxetine due to enhanced serotonin transmission. Headaches from tyramine interactions are associated with MAOIs, not SSRIs. An intense need to move about is an extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotics, and runny nose is not typical.
The nurse has completed health teaching about dietary restrictions for a client taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The nurse will know that teaching has been effective by which of the following client statements?
- A. I'm glad I can eat pizza since it's my favorite food.
- B. I must follow this diet or I will have severe vomiting.
- C. It will be difficult for me to avoid pepperoni.
- D. None of the foods that are restricted are part of a regular daily diet.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pepperoni contains tyramine, which must be avoided when taking MAOIs to prevent hypertensive crisis, indicating effective understanding of dietary restrictions.
The nurse is educating a patient and family about strategies to minimize the side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Which of the following should be included in the plan?
- A. Drink plenty of fruit juice.
- B. Developing an exercise program is important.
- C. Increase foods high in fiber.
- D. Laxatives can be used as needed.
- E. Use sunscreen when outdoors.
- F. For missed doses, take double the dose at the next scheduled time.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Exercise and high-fiber foods help prevent constipation, and sunscreen is recommended due to photosensitivity. Fruit juice may contribute to weight gain, laxatives should be avoided, and doubling doses is incorrect.
A client is seen in the clinic with clinical manifestations of an inability to sit still and a rigid posture. These side effects would be correctly identified as which of the following?
- A. Tardive dyskinesia
- B. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- C. Dystonia
- D. Akathisia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Akathisia is characterized by an intense need to move about, restlessness, and rigid posture, matching the described symptoms.