NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

Which of the following is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen and fashioning a stoma?

  • A. Continent ileostomy
  • B. Colostomy
  • C. Ileostomy
  • D. Ileoanal reservoir
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Colostomy. A colostomy is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen to form a stoma. This procedure is typically done to divert stool in cases of colorectal diseases or surgeries.

A: Continent ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because a continent ileostomy involves creating a pouch inside the body to collect waste, rather than bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen.

C: Ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because an ileostomy involves bringing the end of the small intestine out to the abdomen to create a stoma, not a section of the large intestine.

D: Ileoanal reservoir - This choice is incorrect as it refers to a surgical procedure where the colon and rectum are removed, and a pouch is created from the small intestine to restore bowel function, not to create a stoma in the large bowel.

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Which of the following is the transporter for fructose in the small intestine?

  • A. SGLT1
  • B. SGLT2
  • C. GLUT4
  • D. GLUT5
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: GLUT5. GLUT5 is the specific transporter responsible for transporting fructose across the apical membrane of enterocytes in the small intestine. It is a uniporter that facilitates the movement of fructose down its concentration gradient via facilitated diffusion. SGLT1 (Choice A) and SGLT2 (Choice B) are sodium-glucose transporters involved in the absorption of glucose and galactose, not fructose. GLUT4 (Choice C) is primarily found in muscle and adipose tissue and is responsible for insulin-mediated glucose uptake, not fructose transport in the small intestine.

Nurse Hannah is teaching a group of middle-aged men about peptic ulcers. When discussing risk factors for peptic ulcers, the nurse should mention:

  • A. A sedentary lifestyle and smoking.
  • B. A history of hemorrhoids and smoking.
  • C. Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure.
  • D. Alcohol abuse and smoking.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol abuse and smoking. Both alcohol abuse and smoking are well-established risk factors for peptic ulcers. Alcohol can irritate and damage the stomach lining, while smoking can increase stomach acid production and weaken the stomach lining. These factors can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers.

Choice A (A sedentary lifestyle and smoking) is incorrect because while smoking is a risk factor, a sedentary lifestyle is not directly linked to the development of peptic ulcers.

Choice B (A history of hemorrhoids and smoking) is incorrect because hemorrhoids are not a known risk factor for peptic ulcers.

Choice C (Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure) is incorrect because acute renal failure is not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers, unlike alcohol abuse.

The home health nurse is caring for the patient with tuberculosis who is taking rifampin and isoniazid (INH). The nurse should carefully monitor the patient for which potential side effect?

  • A. Gallstones
  • B. Liver disorders
  • C. Bleeding ulcers
  • D. Esophagitis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver disorders. Rifampin and isoniazid are known to potentially cause hepatotoxicity. The nurse should monitor for signs of liver dysfunction such as jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes. Gallstones (A) are not commonly associated with these medications. Bleeding ulcers (C) are not a common side effect of rifampin and isoniazid. Esophagitis (D) is more commonly associated with other medications like bisphosphonates.

What does the pancreas secrete to aid in digestion?

  • A. insulin
  • B. gastric acid
  • C. digestive enzymes
  • D. bile
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. Insulin (choice A) is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, not aid in digestion. Gastric acid (choice B) is produced by the stomach, not the pancreas. Bile (choice D) is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion, not directly secreted by the pancreas for digestion.

A nurse is reviewing the provider's prescriptions for a client experiencing a paralytic ileus following an appendectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse expect to take?

  • A. Administer an antacid.
  • B. Provide a bulk-forming agent.
  • C. Insert nasogastric tube.
  • D. Apply a truss.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Insert nasogastric tube. In a paralytic ileus, the intestines are unable to contract and move contents, leading to bowel obstruction. Inserting a nasogastric tube helps decompress the intestines by removing gas and fluid, relieving discomfort and preventing further complications. Administering an antacid (A) is not indicated for paralytic ileus. Providing a bulk-forming agent (B) may exacerbate the obstruction. Applying a truss (D) is used for hernias, not for paralytic ileus.

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