Nokea
Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?
- A. Pepsinogen
- B. Hydrochloric acid
- C. Bile
- D. Mucus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bile. Bile is not a component of gastric juice; it is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid in digestion in the small intestine. Pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and mucus are all components of gastric juice. Pepsinogen is the inactive form of pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins. Hydrochloric acid helps in the digestion of food and kills bacteria. Mucus protects the stomach lining from the acidic environment.
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During a morning assessment, the nurse observes that a patient displays bulging flanks when supine with the knees flexeWhich action should the nurse take next?
- A. Measure the patient's abdominal girth.
- B. Auscultate each quadrant of the abdomen for 5 minutes.
- C. Document the finding.
- D. Notify the charge nurse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measure the patient's abdominal girth. Bulging flanks could indicate ascites, which is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Measuring the abdominal girth can help assess for the presence and severity of ascites. This step is important for further evaluation and monitoring of the patient's condition. Auscultating the abdomen for 5 minutes (choice B) would not address the potential underlying issue of ascites. Simply documenting the finding (choice C) without further assessment could delay necessary interventions. Notifying the charge nurse (choice D) is premature without completing a thorough assessment first.
Ondansetron (Zofran) is prescribed for a patient with cancer chemotherapy'“induced vomiting. What should the nurse understand about this drug?
- A. It is a derivative of cannabis and has a potential for abuse.
- B. It has a strong antihistamine effect that provides sedation and induces sleep.
- C. It is used only when other therapies are ineffective because of side effects of anxiety and hallucinations.
- D. It relieves vomiting centrally by action in the vomiting center and peripherally by promoting gastric emptying.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ondansetron works centrally to block serotonin receptors in the vomiting center and peripherally by improving gastric motility.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client who has acute pancreatitis. The nurse should expect to find an elevation of which of following values?
- A. Calcium
- B. RBC count
- C. Magnesium
- D. Amylase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amylase. During acute pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed, leading to leakage of amylase into the bloodstream. Therefore, elevated levels of serum amylase are expected in clients with acute pancreatitis.
A: Calcium levels may be decreased in acute pancreatitis due to fat necrosis and calcium binding to free fatty acids.
B: RBC count is not typically affected in acute pancreatitis.
C: Magnesium levels may be normal or slightly decreased, but it is not a consistent finding in acute pancreatitis.
Glucose and galactose in the small intestine are taken into the epithelial cell by ______ and passed into the interstitial fluid by
- A. diffusion; facilitated diffusion
- B. facilitated diffusion; cotransport
- C. cotransport; active transport
- D. cotransport; facilitated diffusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because glucose and galactose are taken into the epithelial cell by cotransport, where they are coupled with sodium ions. This process maintains a concentration gradient for glucose and galactose to move against. Once inside the cell, they are passed into the interstitial fluid by facilitated diffusion, where transport proteins assist their movement down their concentration gradient. Choices A and B are incorrect because they do not involve active transport, which is necessary to move molecules against their concentration gradient. Choice C is incorrect because active transport requires energy input, whereas facilitated diffusion does not.
You are caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which task can be delegated to the experienced nursing assistant?
- A. Remove the NG tube per physician order.
- B. Secure the tape if the client accidentally dislodges the tube.
- C. Disconnect the suction to allow ambulation to the toilet.
- D. Reconnect the suction after the client has ambulated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Securing the tape is a non-invasive task within the scope of a nursing assistant. Removing or reconnecting requires nursing assessment and should be done by licensed staff.