Nokea
Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are indicated to prevent respiratory distress, such as in preterm infants for lung maturation.
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Jake, a 45-year-old patient with schizophrenia, was recently hospitalized for acute psychosis due to medication noncompliance. He was treated with IM long-acting haloperidol. Besides monitoring his schizophrenia symptoms, the patient should be assessed by his primary care provider:
- A. For excessive weight loss
- B. With the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
- C. Monthly for tolerance to the haloperidol
- D. Only by the mental health provider, as most NPs in primary care do not care for mentally ill patients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Haloperidol can cause EPS, monitored using the AIMS.
While collecting a medication history, the patient admits to doubling the recommended dosage of an over-the-counter (OTC) medication, saying It's harmless or they would require a prescription. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. OTC drugs are serious medications and carry serious risks if not taken as directed.
- B. Taking medications like that is careless and you could kill yourself doing it.
- C. Sometimes you need to take more than the package directs to treat the symptoms.
- D. Did you notify your doctor of the increased dosage you were taking?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: OTC drugs are no less a medication than prescription drugs and carry the same types of risks for overdosage and toxicity if directions are not followed. Although increasing the dosage is careless and dangerous, it is important to use the information as a teaching opportunity rather than scolding the patient. Agreeing with the patient or asking her if she talked to the doctor misses the teaching opportunity, which could be harmful for the patient.
A nurse is caring for a child on the pediatric unit. A drug is ordered for the child, but no pediatric dose is listed for the drug. To make sure that the right dose has been ordered, what will the nurse use to calculate the correct dose?
- A. Surface area
- B. Height
- C. Birth date
- D. Adult dosage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pediatric doses are often calculated using body surface area for accuracy, especially when no specific pediatric dose is provided.
Which cephalosporin generation is effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
- A. First generation
- B. Second generation
- C. Third generation
- D. Fifth generation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fifth-generation cephalosporins, like ceftaroline, are effective against MRSA, unlike earlier generations.
A nurse working as a member of a research team is exploring the unique differences in drug response that each individual possesses based on his or her genetic makeup. This area of study is called:
- A. Pharmacotherapeutics
- B. Pharmacodynamics
- C. Pharmacoeconomics
- D. Pharmacogenomics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pharmacogenomics is the area of study that includes mapping of the human genome. In the future, medical care and drug regimens may be personally designed based on a person's unique genetic makeup. Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the use of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy.