Nokea
Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine?
- A. digestion of fats
- B. digestion of carbohydrates
- C. absorption of nutrients
- D. storage of bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. It has specialized structures like villi and microvilli to maximize absorption surface area. Choice A is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in digesting fats, it is not its primary function. Choice B is incorrect because the digestion of carbohydrates primarily occurs in the mouth and stomach. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine does not store bile, but rather receives it from the liver and gallbladder to aid in digestion.
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Which of the following is not a part of the small intestine?
- A. Duodenum
- B. Jejunum
- C. Ileum
- D. Colon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colon. The colon is not a part of the small intestine; it is part of the large intestine. The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine, followed by the jejunum and then the ileum. The colon, also known as the large intestine, comes after the small intestine in the digestive system. Therefore, the colon is not a part of the small intestine, making choice D the correct answer.
When assessing a patient with acute pancreatitis, the nurse would expect to find
- A. hyperactive bowel sounds.
- B. hypertension and tachycardia.
- C. a temperature greater than 102°F (38.9°C).
- D. severe midepigastric or left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because severe midepigastric or LUQ pain is a classic symptom of acute pancreatitis due to inflammation of the pancreas. This pain is usually persistent and can radiate to the back.
A: Hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with acute pancreatitis but rather with conditions like gastroenteritis.
B: Hypertension and tachycardia are not specific to acute pancreatitis and can be seen in various medical conditions.
C: While fever can be present in acute pancreatitis, a specific temperature greater than 102°F is not a defining characteristic.
A male client with a recent history of rectal bleeding is being prepared for a colonoscopy. How should the nurse position the client for this test initially?
- A. Lying on the right side with legs straight
- B. Lying on the left side with knees bent
- C. Prone with the torso elevated
- D. Bent over with hands touching the floor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lying on the left side with knees bent. This position allows for better visualization and access to the colon during the colonoscopy procedure. By lying on the left side, the client's colon is in a more optimal position for the scope to navigate through the colon. Additionally, bending the knees helps to relax the abdominal muscles and make the procedure more comfortable for the client.
Incorrect choices:
A: Lying on the right side with legs straight - This position does not provide optimal access to the colon and may make the procedure more difficult.
C: Prone with the torso elevated - This position is not suitable for a colonoscopy as it does not allow for proper access to the colon.
D: Bent over with hands touching the floor - This position is not recommended for a colonoscopy as it is not conducive to the procedure and may cause discomfort for the client.
The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about foot care. Which statement by the patient indicates that further teaching is needed?
- A. "I should wash my feet daily with warm water and mild soap."
- B. "I should inspect my feet daily for blisters, redness, or cuts."
- C. "I can use heating pads to warm my feet if they are cold."
- D. "I should trim my toenails straight across."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - "I can use heating pads to warm my feet if they are cold."
Rationale:
1. Using heating pads can cause burns or injuries due to reduced sensation in diabetic feet.
2. Patients with diabetes should avoid direct heat on their feet.
3. Optimal foot care for diabetics includes inspecting feet, washing with mild soap, and trimming nails correctly.
Summary:
A: Correct - Washing feet daily is recommended.
B: Correct - Inspecting feet daily is essential for early detection of issues.
C: Incorrect - Using heating pads can be harmful to diabetic feet.
D: Correct - Trimming toenails straight across is an appropriate practice.
Which of the following statements regarding Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in humans is NOT TRUE?
- A. SNPs occur at a frequency of about once every 300 nucleotides
- B. they are a rare source of genetic polymorphisms
- C. a polymorphism leading to increased IL-6 expression is associated with greater mortality
- D. none of the above are true
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because SNPs are actually a common source of genetic polymorphisms, occurring frequently in the human genome. SNPs are variations in a single nucleotide base and are estimated to occur once every 300 nucleotides. Choice A is incorrect because of this high frequency. Choice C is also incorrect as certain SNPs can indeed impact gene expression and health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because B is not true, making the statement false. In summary, B is the correct answer as SNPs are not rare but rather common genetic variations in humans.